EnochHanokhFragmentAheight17.5cm(67/8in.),length17.5cm(67/8in.)FragmentBheight6.4cm(21/2in.),length6.9cm(211/16in.)4Q201(Enara)ParchmentCopiedca.200-150B.C.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(11)OneofthemostimportantapocryphicworksoftheSecondTemplePeriodisEnoch.Accordingtothebiblicalnarrative(Genesis5:21-24),Enochlivedonly365years(farlessthantheotherpatriarchsintheperiodbeforetheFlood).Enoch...[
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SomeTorahPreceptsMiqsatMa`aseha-TorahFragmentA:height8cm(31/8in.)length12.9cm(5in.)FragmentB:height4.3cm(111/16in.)length7cm(23/4in.)FragmentC:height9.1cm(39/16in.)length17.4cm(67/8in.)[
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SomeTorahPreceptsMiqsatMa`aseha-TorahFragmentA:height8cm(31/8in.)length12.9cm(5in.)FragmentB:height4.3cm(111/16in.)length7cm(23/4in.)FragmentC:height9.1cm(39/16in.)length17.4cm(67/8in.)4Q396(MMTc)ParchmentCopiedlatefirstcenturyB.C.E.-earlyfirstcenturyC.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(8)Thisscroll,apparentlyintheformofaletter,isuniqueinlanguage,style,andcontent.Usinglinguisticandtheologic...[
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MishmarotHeight13.4cm(51/4in.),length21.1cm(81/4in.)4Q321(MishmarotBa)ParchmentCopiedca.50-25B.C.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(10)[
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CalendricalDocumentMishmarotHeight13.4cm(51/4in.),length21.1cm(81/4in.)4Q321(MishmarotBa)ParchmentCopiedca.50-25B.C.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(10)Asignificantfeatureofthecommunitywasitscalendar,whichwasbasedonasolarsystemof364days,unlikethecommonJewishlunarcalendar,whichconsistedof354days.ThecalendarplayedaweightyroleintheschismofthecommunityfromtherestofJudaism,asthefestivalsandfas...[
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TheCommunityRuleSerekhha-YahadHeight8.8cm(37/16in.),length21.5cm(87/16in.)4Q258(Sd)ParchmentCopiedlatefirstcenturyB.C.E.ÄearlyfirstcenturyC.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(7)OriginallyknownasTheManualofDiscipline,theCommunityRulecontainsasetofregulationsorderingthelifeofthemembersofthe"yahad,"thegroupwithintheJudeanDesertsectwhochosetolivecommunallyandwhosemembersacceptedstrictrules...[
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TheCommunityRuleSerekhha-Yahad[
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PhylacteryTefillinFragmentA:height17.7cm(7in.)length3cm(13/16in.)FragmentB:height3.8cm(11/2in.)length2.8cm(11/8in.)Mur4PhylParchmentCopiedfirstcentury-earlysecondcenturyC.E.CourtesyoftheIsraelAntiquitiesAuthority(3)Thecommand"Andthoushaltbindthemforasignuponthyhand,andtheyshallbeforfrontletsbetweenthineeyes"(Deut.6:8)waspracticedbyJewsfromearlytimes.IntheSecondTempleperiodthesagesestablishedthatte...[
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PsalmsScrollTehillimPsalms(Tehillim)11QPsThisimpressivescrollisacollectionofpsalmsandhymns,comprisingpartsofforty-onebiblicalpsalms(chieflyformchapters101-50),innon-canonicalsequenceandwithvariationsindetail.Italsopresentspreviouslyunknownhymns,aswellasaprosepassageaboutthepsalmscomposedbyKingDavid.OneofthelongertextstobefoundatQumran,themanuscriptwasfoundin1956inCave11andunrolledin1961.Itssurface...[
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TheQumranLibraryThescrollsandscrollfragmentsrecoveredintheQumranenvironsrepresentavoluminousbodyofJewishdocuments,averitable"library",datingfromthethirdcenturyB.C.E.to68C.E.Unquestionably,the"library,"whichisthegreatestmanuscriptfindofthetwentiethcentury,demonstratestherichliteraryactivityofSecondTemplePeriodJewryandshedsinsightintocenturiespivotaltobothJudaismandChristianity.Thelibrarycontainssom...[
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