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MonteCarloMethodImportantNote:Whenapplyingthesignificanceandconfidencetestsfrom"APracticalGuidetoWaveletAnalysis",youdonotneedtouseaMonteCarlosimulation.Analyticalformulaearegiveninthepaperforthestatisticaldistributionofwaveletpower.Theseformulaearecorrect,assumingthattheunderlyingdistributionoftheoriginaltimeseriesisGaussian.ThefollowingdescriptionofMonteCarloisgivenforthosewhowantmorebackgroundo...[
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ScalesIntheprevioussectionwesawhowonecanuseatypicalwavelet(theMorlet)todecomposeatimeseriesintotime-frequencyphasespace.Wenowturntotheactualcomputationofthewavelettransform.Thefirstthingtoconsideristheshapeofthewavelet.FordecomposingtheNINO3SSTdata,wechosetheMorletwaveletbecause:itiscommonlyused,it'ssimple,itlookslikeawave.Thereareaninfinitenumberofothermotherwaveletsthatcouldbechosen(seeFarge1992...[
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WaveletsIntheprevioussectionwesawhowonemeasureofthestationarityofatimeserieswastocalculatetherunningvarianceusingafixed-widthwindow.Althoughwepointedoutthedisadvantageofusingafixed-widthwindow,onecouldrepeattheanalysiswithavarietyofwindowwidths.Bysmoothlyvaryingthewindowwidthonecouldthenbuildapictureofthechangesinvarianceversusbothtimeandwindowwidth.Theobviousproblemwiththistechniqueisthesimple"bo...[
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IntroductionManytimeseriesingeophysicsexhibitnon-stationarityintheirstatistics.Whiletheseriesmaycontaindominantperiodicsignals,thesesignalscanvaryinbothamplitudeandfrequencyoverlongperiodsoftime.AnexamplewouldbeseasurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialPacificOcean(Figure1).Thedominant"mode"ofvariabilityistheElNiño-SouthernOscillation(ENSO),shownbythehigh-frequency"spikes"onatimescaleof2-7years....[
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MULTIRESOLUTIONANALYSIS:THEDISCRETEWAVELETTRANSFORMWhyistheDiscreteWaveletTransformNeeded?Althoughthediscretizedcontinuouswavelettransformenablesthecomputationofthecontinuouswavelettransformbycomputers,itisnotatruediscretetransform.Asamatteroffact,thewaveletseriesissimplyasampledversionoftheCWT,andtheinformationitprovidesishighlyredundantasfarasthereconstructionofthesignalisconcerned.Thisredundanc...[
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MULTIRESOLUTIONANALYSIS
&
THECONTINUOUSWAVELETTRANSFORMby
RobiPolikarMULTIRESOLUTIONANALYSISAlthoughthetimeandfrequencyresolutionproblemsareresultsofaphysicalphenomenon(theHeisenberguncertaintyprinciple)andexistregardlessofthetransformused,itispossibletoanalyzeanysignalbyusinganalternativeapproachcalledthemultiresolutionanalysis(MRA).MRA,asimpliedbyitsname,analyzesthesignalatdiffer...[
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FUNDAMENTALS:
THEFOURIERTRANSFORM
AND
THESHORTTERMFOURIERTRANSFORMFUNDAMENTALSLet'shaveashortreviewofthefirstpart.
WebasicallyneedWaveletTransform(WT)toanalyzenon-stationarysignals,i.e.,whosefrequencyresponsevariesintime.IhavewrittenthatFourierTransform(FT)isnotsuitablefornon-stationarysignals,andIhaveshownexamplesofittomakeitmoreclear.Foraquickrecall,letmegivethefollowingexample.S...[
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FUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS
&
ANOVERVIEWOFTHEWAVELETTHEORY
SecondEdition
Welcometothisintroductorytutorialonwavelettransforms.Thewavelettransformisarelativelynewconcept(about10yearsold),butyettherearequiteafewarticlesandbookswrittenonthem.However,mostofthesebooksandarticlesarewrittenbymathpeople,fortheothermathpeople;stillmostofthemathpeopledon'tknowwhattheothermathpeoplearetalkingabou...[
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WaveletsintheFutureWiththefoundationsofwavelettheorysecurelyinplace,thefieldhasgrownrapidlyoverthelastdecade.Adistributionlistonwaveletsthatbeganwith40namesin1990isnowanonlinenewsletterwithmorethan17,000subscribers.Moreover,ithascontinuedtoevolvethroughahealthymixoftheoryandpractice.Engineersarealwaystryingnewapplications,andformathematicians,therearestillimportanttheoreticalquestionstobeanswered....[
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HowDoWaveletsWork?Sofar,the“killerapp”forwaveletshasbeendigitalimagecompression.TheyarecentraltothenewJPEG-2000digitalimagestandardandtheWSQ(waveletscalarquantization)methodthattheFBIusestocompressitsfingerprintdatabase.Inthiscontext,waveletscanbethoughtofasthebuildingblocksofimages.Animageofaforestcanbemadefromthebroadestwavelets:abigswathofgreenfortheforest,asplashofblueforthesky.Moredetailed,...[
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