历史上的六月五号

历史上的6/5日，

今天是6/5日，2023年的第156天，今年还剩209天。
人类历史上的今天,发生了如下值得我关注的事件：

今天是”世界环境日”

——每年的６月５日是世界环境日。 １９７２年６月５日至１６日，１１３个国家的１３００名代表在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开了联合国人类环境大会。 这次会议通过了著名的《人类环境宣言》，发出了“为了这一代和将来世世代代而保护和改善环境”的号召。 会议因此成为人类环境保护史上的一个里程碑。

——1933
美国总统罗斯福FDR宣布美国取消金本位制

1933年6月5日，当美国国会通过一项联合决议，剥夺了债权人要求用黄金付款的权利时，美国实际放弃了金本位制，——货币由黄金支持的货币体系。
美国自1879年以来一直实行金本位，除了第一次世界大战期间对黄金出口的禁运，但20世纪30年代大萧条期间的银行倒闭吓得公众囤积黄金，使金本位政策难以维持。

1933年3月上任后不久，罗斯福总统宣布全国银行暂停营业，以防止对经济缺乏信心的消费者挤兑银行。他还禁止银行支付黄金或出口黄金。根据凯恩斯主义经济理论，抵御经济衰退的最佳方法之一是增加货币供应量。随着美联储持有的黄金量的增加，更会扩大其增加流通货币的能力。英国曾于1931年放弃了金本位，这曾引起罗斯福的关注。
On June 5, 1933, the United States went off the gold standard, a monetary system in which currency is backed by gold, when Congress enacted a joint resolution nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold. The United States had been on a gold standard since 1879, except for an embargo on gold exports during World War I, but bank failures during the Great Depression of the 1930s frightened the public into hoarding gold, making the policy untenable.
Soon after taking office in March 1933, President Roosevelt declared a nationwide bank moratorium in order to prevent a run on the banks by consumers lacking confidence in the economy. He also forbade banks to pay out gold or to export it. According to Keynesian economic theory, one of the best ways to fight off an economic downturn is to inflate the money supply. And increasing the amount of gold held by the Federal Reserve would in turn increase its power to inflate the money supply. Facing similar pressures, Britain had dropped the gold standard in 1931, and Roosevelt had taken note.

——1967
六日战争开始

因着对其边境的阿拉伯部队大量集结的警惕，以色列对埃及发动了先发制人的空袭。约旦随后加入了战斗，但阿拉伯联盟不是以色列武装部队的对手。在六天的战斗中，以色列占领了加沙地带、埃及的西奈半岛、叙利亚的戈兰高地以及当时由约旦控制的约旦河西岸和东耶路撒冷阿拉伯居住区。到6月11日联合国停火生效时，以色列的规模已经扩大了一倍多，包括从约旦夺取耶路撒冷老城。

Six-Day War begins
Israel responds to a build-up of Arab forces along its borders by launching a preemptive aerial attack against Egypt. Jordan subsequently entered the fray, but the Arab coalition was no match for Israel’s armed forces. In six days of fighting, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, the Golan Heights of Syria and the West Bank and Arab sector of East Jerusalem, both previously under Jordanian rule. By the time the United Nations cease-fire took effect on June 11, Israel had more than doubled its size, including claiming the Old City of Jerusalem from Jordan. 

——1981
关于艾滋病的第一份科学报告刊出

1981年6月5日，美国疾病控制和预防中心在其《发病率和死亡率周报》上发表了一篇文章，描述了来自美国洛杉矶的，原本年轻、健康的五例男同性恋者出现的罕见肺部感染（PCP）病例。虽然当时还不知道这篇文章所描述的是艾滋病的表现。此后这篇文章的发表经常被引用为艾滋病危机的开始。
First scientific report on AIDS is published
On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publishes an article in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report describing five cases of a rare lung infection, PCP, in young, otherwise healthy gay men in Los Angeles. It was unknown at the time, but the article is describing the effects of AIDS. Today, the article's publication is often cited as the beginning of the AIDS crisis.

——2004
美国前总统罗纳德·里根去世

2004年6月5日，美国第40任总统罗纳德·威尔逊·里根在与阿尔茨海默氏症长期斗争后去世。里根曾是一位著名的演员，并曾担任过加利福尼亚州州长，他是一位深受美国大众欢迎的总统。在20世纪70年代的美国陷入困境之后，他因恢复了美国大众的信心而深得人心。
Former U.S. president Ronald Reagan dies
On June 5, 2004, Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th president of the United States, dies, after a long struggle with Alzheimer’s disease. Reagan, who was also a well-known actor and served as governor of California, was a popular president known for restoring American confidence after the problems of the 1970s.