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Suffixes

(2008-06-22 10:21:40) 下一个

Suffixes can change the word class and the meaning of the word.

Common noun suffixes

SuffixeMeaningExamples
-erused for the person who does an activitywriter, worker, consumer, teacher
-er-->-orsometimes, the -er is written as -ordoctor, sailor, supervisor
-er/-orused for things that do a particular jobpencil sharpener, computer, bottle opener, grater, projector
-er & -eecan contrast with each other
-er: person who does something
-ee: person who receives or experiences the action
employer/ employee, sender/ addressee, payee
-tion/-sion/-ionused to form nouns from verbscomplication, pollution, reduction, donation, promotion, admission
-ism/-ist-ism: an activity or ideology
-ist: a person
used for beliefs and ideologies, and sometimes professions
liberalism, Buddhism, jornalism, typist, physicist, terrorist, pianist
-nessused to form nouns from adjectivesgoodness, laziness, forgetfulness, happiness, sadness

Adjective suffixes
SuffixeMeaningExamples
-able/iblecombined with verbs often means ' can be done'washable, flexible, drinkable, breakable, forgivable, readable, edible

Verbs
SuffixeMeaningExamples
-izeforms verbs from adjectivesmodernize, commercialize

Other suffixes that can help you recognize the word class
SuffixeMeaningExamples
-mentform nounsexcitement, enjoyment, replacement
-ityform nounsflexibility, productivity, scarcity
-hoodabstract nouns, especially family termschildhood, motherhood
-shipabstract nouns, especially statusfriendship, partnership, membership
-iveform adjectivespassive, productive, active
-alform adjectives or nouns(adjectives) brutal, legal, (nouns) refusal, arrival
-ousform adjectivesdelicious, outrageous, furious
-fulform adjectivesforgetful, hopeful, useful
-lessform adjectivesuseless, harmless, homeless
-ifyform verbsbeautify, purify, terrify

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