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Tempera

(2006-11-10 13:21:17) 下一个



Okay, now we are learning the tempera technique. It's also called egg tempera. You use pigments mixed with egg yolk as a binding agent. We are still using oil paint, but paint with tempera technique, which is using tiny brushstroks to build up volume, texture and colors. To me it's more like drawing with brushes. Obviously this is a very slow and labor-intensive way to paint, but it's capable of achieving highly realistic effects.

上面画的是,好像是山羊头骷髅?on drapery. 因为只有一节课画,只够画了一个头骨。

Egg tempera is the medium artists used before oil paints appeared and came into prominence. In the 20th century, there was a revival of tempera technique in western art. 比较著名的使用tempera 作画的画家有 Andrew Wyeth. 他的 Christina's World 相信大家都很熟悉。这幅画就是用tempera 画的。想想看,那么一大片草地,都是用细笔一笔一笔画出来的。这种技法画头发也特别好。

Andrew Wyeth. (American, born 1917). Christina's World. 1948. Tempera on gessoed panel, 32 1/4 x 47 3/4" (81.9 x 121.3 cm).

这个也是Andrew Wyeth的作品,也是tempera 画法。 "Braids", 1979. Tempera. 16 1/2" x 20 1/2"

因为学习这个tempera 画法,老师说最好尝试一下在 masonite (一种硬木板)上画。因为它表面光滑, very conducive to this technique. 我也很有兴趣尝试一下。 我一直都是用 pre-primed canvas 或者canvas panel。

可折腾我了。 先去 Lowe's 没有找到 Masonite, 再到我常去的一个美术用品店,他们也没有卖的。又跑到 Home Depot. Then I got lucky. The nice lady I asked for help happened to be an artist, and she told me all about it. 原来 Home Depot 里面不把那叫masonite, 叫 tempered hardboard. 你可以买切好的小块的,也可以买一大张,4 X 8 feet 的,然后切成你要的尺寸。

她问我:你有没有锯子?我说:没有。头大:我这五谷不分,四体不勤的人,原来还要做木工活? 她找了一个guy 帮我把板子取下来,然后帮我切。当然自己锯最好了。别人恐怕都不会那么耐心细致的量不同的尺寸。那个帮我锯的人以为给我锯几下就好了,结果我让他一会儿锯成这个尺寸,一会儿锯成那个尺寸,都不一样。总算有了好几块我需要的大小,剩下的拿回家再说。其实这个还真是挺便宜。一整张木板才10块钱,可以锯成十几块来画,比买现成的canvas 便宜多了。

回到家还有准备工作要做。 把木板表面擦干净,用刷子蘸了 gesso (好像白色paint 一样的东西,其实不是paint), 在表面均匀刷一层。等它完全干了,用sandpaper 磨光。当然不打磨也可以,如果你要texture的话。表面擦干净,再用gesso 刷一遍,不同方向的。比如第一次横着刷的,第二次就直着刷。等第二层gesso 干了,再用砂纸打磨一遍,以让表面光滑。要刷至少两层gesso, 有人刷更多层的。然后就可以用了!

但是等等,对我上的这门课来说,还有一道准备工续。就是用一种绿色,chromium oxide green, 把木板表面再刷一遍,晾干。The green color provides a middle tone for your painting. 这个是 verdaccio technique, 源于意大利。It's especially effective when painting flesh tones. 那什么,达芬奇画蒙娜丽莎的时候就是用的 verdaccio underpainting.

这个就是我在gessoed masonite 上画的作业。我觉得还挺喜欢这种光滑的表面的。canvas 比较有texture, 有tooth, 不太一样。有的人不喜欢在木板上画,觉得太光。我觉得不错。尤其是因为它光,一开始如果哪里画错的话,用paper towel 蘸点turpenoid, 一擦就全擦干净了。如果是canvas 还是多少会留些痕迹的。

Most of my classmates find temepra technique difficult. 因为我们都习惯用big brushes, just paint。但这个就是用小笔,#1 sable brush 一笔一笔画,慢得很。It's a test of patience. 上节课一个同学提到凡高。我一边画一边想,其实凡高的画,他的pen and ink drawings, 还有paintings, 跟这个画法很有相似之处。虽然他的brushstrokes 要大得多。

而且如果你先用一种颜色画这些小线条,然后用另一种颜色画,go in between the previous lines, the result 就是 optical mix. I think the impressionists borrowed from this old tempera technique and made it their own. 老师也说,when the impressionists saw Seurat's pointillism, it just opened doors for them. 不过他们把Seurat的点变成了线 (brushstorkes). In another sense, the impressionists (and the pointillists) engaged the audience more. A painting is not just done by the artist. A big part of the job is done in the viewer's eyes (through optical mix).

第一次老师教tempera, 我说:tempura? (重音在second syllable). 老师大叫:No! Tempura is the food! Tempera (重音在第一个syllable) is the painting technique. 厚厚。

回到家跟老公说tempera, 他也犯了同样的错误。谁让我们都爱吃Tempura. So I had the chance to correct him the same way as my teacher corrected me. 哈哈。

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夹子夹子 回复 悄悄话 gingergirl: 谢谢你喜欢我的博客。其实我也是现在才有时间和机会来学画,以前做一份很不喜欢的工作做了很久。 我现在班上有一个女同学,单身,四十多岁?做computer programmer 20多年以后不愿再做下去,卖了房子搬了家开始全职学画。It's amazing what people do for their love/passion. I believe you will do something you love in the future too. :-)
gingergirl 回复 悄悄话 理想与现实在我来说还有一定距离,是你的博客为我架起了之间的桥梁,让我感到总有一天像你一样,我要做我喜欢的,唯美的事情。
夹子夹子 回复 悄悄话 great...glad you got something out of my post. :)
影云 回复 悄悄话 the process is very inspiring . . . in which i find an idea to decorate my wall in study; thanks :) very nice color:)
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