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”Multiple Intelligence Theory" 在1983 年由 Howard Gardner 提出。 极大的挑战了人们传统上认为对于智商的 认识。
Howard Gardner 的主要论点是人类的智商并非局限于语文数学逻辑思维这几个方面，而是主要分类为以下几种。
不同的孩子有多种智能组合， 然后多种智商综合分配和使用才能造就各种杰出人才。
1. Naturalist Intelligence (“Nature Smart”) （自然观察智能）比如农民，园丁，猎人， 生物学家，海洋学家等等。
Designates the human ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or chef. It is also speculated that much of our consumer society exploits the naturalist intelligences, which can be mobilized in the discrimination among cars, sneakers, kinds of makeup, and the like.
2. Musical Intelligence (“Musical Smart”) 音乐智商（能）
Musical intelligence is the capacity to discern pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone. This intelligence enables us to recognize, create, reproduce, and reflect on music, as demonstrated by composers, conductors, musicians, vocalist, and sensitive listeners. Interestingly, there is often an affective connection between music and the emotions; and mathematical and musical intelligences may share common thinking processes. Young adults with this kind of intelligence are usually singing or drumming to themselves. They are usually quite aware of sounds others may miss.
3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (Number/Reasoning Smart) 数学逻辑智商（能）
Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to calculate, quantify, consider propositions and hypotheses, and carry out complete mathematical operations. It enables us to perceive relationships and connections and to use abstract, symbolic thought; sequential reasoning skills; and inductive and deductive thinking patterns. Logical intelligence is usually well developed in mathematicians, scientists, and detectives. Young adults with lots of logical intelligence are interested in patterns, categories, and relationships. They are drawn to arithmetic problems, strategy games and experiments.
4. Existential Intelligence 存在智商 （能）， 多见于宗教人士，哲学家等等
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die, and how did we get here.
5. Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart”) 人际关系智商（能）
Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. It involves effective verbal and nonverbal communication, the ability to note distinctions among others, sensitivity to the moods and temperaments of others, and the ability to entertain multiple perspectives. Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians all exhibit interpersonal intelligence. Young adults with this kind of intelligence are leaders among their peers, are good at communicating, and seem to understand others’ feelings and motives.
6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“Body Smart”) （身体协调和肢体动觉智商（能）， 如运动员。 有读者质疑，难道搞体育运动还需要智商吗？ 我认为身体协调能力和大脑的构造密切相关，当然算智商。 而且，一流的运动员，一流的的外科医生都需要这方面的能力。
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and craftspeople exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
7. Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart) 语言智商（能）
Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and appreciate complex meanings. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand the order and meaning of words and to apply meta-linguistic skills to reflect on our use of language. Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human competence and is evident in poets, novelists, journalists, and effective public speakers. Young adults with this kind of intelligence enjoy writing, reading, telling stories or doing crossword puzzles.
8. Intra-personal Intelligence (Self Smart”) 内省智商 （能），如心理学家， 高级管理人员）
Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself and one’s thoughts and feelings, and to use such knowledge in planning and directioning one’s life. Intra-personal intelligence involves not only an appreciation of the self, but also of the human condition. It is evident in psychologist, spiritual leaders, and philosophers. These young adults may be shy. They are very aware of their own feelings and are self-motivated.
9. Spatial Intelligence (“Picture Smart”) 空间智商（能）
Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and an active imagination. Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters, and architects all exhibit spatial intelligence. Young adults with this kind of intelligence may be fascinated with mazes or jigsaw puzzles, or spend free time drawing or daydreaming.
每一个孩子都是多种智商（能）的综合体。 父母要做的就是帮助孩子了解自己，取长补短。
From: Overview of the Multiple Intelligences Theory. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and Thomas Armstrong.com
? 我觉得很多人都会对这几条产生共鸣 -初雪- ♀ 给 初雪 发送悄悄话 初雪 的博客首页 初雪 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:17:40
? Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart”) 就是指理解别人的能力。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:28:25
? 前来讨教： -黄桷树- ♀ 给 黄桷树 发送悄悄话 黄桷树 的个人群组 (1708 bytes) (124 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:10:06
? 你这算是比较高，然后不屑于 fit in？ 我家二娃对唱歌走调的人特别不耐烦。 你可能看到心理智商比较低的人也会不耐烦。 一家 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (16 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:37:41
? 知道您是在安慰俺，但这确实是俺社交巨大的障碍，谢谢您：） -黄桷树- ♀ 给 黄桷树 发送悄悄话 黄桷树 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 13:02:31
? 很好的分享。写笔记不难，经常写就可以驾轻就熟了，没有不会写的只有写得不同风格的 -淋雨- ♀ 给 淋雨 发送悄悄话 淋雨 的博客首页 淋雨 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:18:53
? 谢谢鼓励。 我就怕写出来太枯燥，太教条。 我的文字还是不活泼。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:29:32
? 谁规定读书笔记一定要活泼？我觉得你写得挺好。不要有心理负担。 -秋月冬雪- ♀ 给 秋月冬雪 发送悄悄话 秋月冬雪 的博客首页 秋月冬雪 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:35:34
? 谢谢鼓励。 ： ） 心领了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:39:36
? 看过你说这些。所以说上天很公平， -CirrusCloud- ♀ 给 CirrusCloud 发送悄悄话 CirrusCloud 的博客首页 CirrusCloud 的个人群组 (129 bytes) (89 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:20:28
? 综合，根据时代的需要综合起来就好了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:40:59
? 很好的思考。有一个得奖演员的感言是：感谢父母当年没有遵医嘱给我治Hyperactive的药。 -秋月冬雪- ♀ 给 秋月冬雪 发送悄悄话 秋月冬雪 的博客首页 秋月冬雪 的个人群组 (93 bytes) (86 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:28:18
? 真的。 好多有独特智商的孩子都被“正常” 这个教条给扼杀了。 伯乐很重要。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:47:28
? 谢谢好文，，， 有空写写普通孩子的吧， 这世上 普通孩子还是占多数。。 -liveinca- ♀ 给 liveinca 发送悄悄话 liveinca 的博客首页 liveinca 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:44:26
? 我的瑜伽老师就是个例子吧。 很普通，但是天性得到充分发挥， 很独特。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:48:26
? 语言高智商,空间弱智商的人飘过 -地肥水美- ♀ 给 地肥水美 发送悄悄话 地肥水美 的个人群组 (127 bytes) (101 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 11:52:52
? 心有戚戚焉。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:00:21
? 谢谢好文，父母确实难为，需要很多装备啊。 -羽衣飞飞- ♀ 给 羽衣飞飞 发送悄悄话 羽衣飞飞 的博客首页 羽衣飞飞 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:01:14
? 恩，很多装备。 你也喜欢研究心理学是不是？ -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:06:31
? 智商好比视力。明察秋毫的视力并不一定全是好事，看到世界到处是细菌肮脏使人沮丧。 -ViBravo- ♂ 给 ViBravo 发送悄悄话 ViBravo 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:13:00
? 智商太高或太低， 没办法 fit in 也是问题。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 12:33:03
? 你们真担心这些？哪有那么多天才呢。 -monochrome- ♀ 给 monochrome 发送悄悄话 monochrome 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 14:05:29
? 我主要担心我的普通娃能不能综合自己有限的优势，审时度势。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 14:14:36
? 上次回帖没能成功，这系列文章里有一个翻译误区，“智商”应该翻译成“智能” -olga87- ♀ 给 olga87 发送悄悄话 olga87 的个人群组 (420 bytes) (42 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 19:01:32
? 多谢指教。我有空会改过来。太谢谢了。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/12/2014 postreply 20:02:38
? 谢谢分享。好文。 -Youshijie- ♀ 给 Youshijie 发送悄悄话 Youshijie 的博客首页 Youshijie 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 12/15/2014 postreply 21:46:33
? 我也读了很多你的大作。 一并谢过。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 12:16:26
? Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory -Clair- ♀ 给 Clair 发送悄悄话 Clair 的博客首页 Clair 的个人群组 (522 bytes) (10 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 08:25:05
? 咱两个的理解有点相似。 -MaMaGaGa- ♀ 给 MaMaGaGa 发送悄悄话 MaMaGaGa 的博客首页 MaMaGaGa 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 12/16/2014 postreply 12:13:49