The Arnolfini Portrait(1434) -by Jan van Eyck.

阿尔诺非尼夫妇(Portrait of Arnolfini and his Wife)由荷兰画家扬·凡·埃克画于1434年。该画收藏于英国国家美术馆。

简介

画家于镜上方位置签名："Jan can Eyck was here."

画中人都脱了鞋，代表圣洁，暗示正进行神圣仪式，即结婚。画中女人头戴白头纱，亦暗示正在结婚。只有一枝蜡烛，就代表了上帝。橙代表了财富，亦是代表神圣的。小狗则代表忠诚，借此为婚姻祝福。

 

Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɑn vɑn ˈɛjk]; before c. 1395 – before July 9, 1441) was a Flemish painter active in Bruges and considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century.

 

The Arnolfini Portrait is an oil painting on oak panel dated 1434 by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck. It is also known as The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage, The Arnolfini Double Portrait or the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife.

This painting is believed to be a portrait of the Italian merchant Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife, presumably in their home in the Flemish city of Bruges. It is considered one of the most original and complex paintings in Western art history. Both signed and dated by Van Eyck in 1434, it is, with the Ghent Altarpiece by the same artist and his brother Hubert, the oldest very famous panel painting to have been executed in oils rather than in tempera. The painting was bought by the National Gallery in London in 1842.

The illusionism of the painting was remarkable for its time, in part for the rendering of detail, but particularly for the use of light to evoke space in an interior, for "its utterly convincing depiction of a room, as well of the people who inhabit it".[

Identity of subjects

This painting was long believed to be a portrait of Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini and his wife Giovanna Cenami in a Flemish bedchamber, but it was established in 1997 that they were married in 1447, thirteen years after the date on the painting and six years after van Eyck's death. It is now believed that the subject is Giovanni di Arrigo's cousin Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife. This is either an undocumented second wife, or, according to a recent proposal, his first wife Costanza Trenta, who had died by February 1433.[2] This would make the painting partly a memorial portrait, showing one living and one dead person. Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini was an Italian merchant, originally from Lucca, but resident in Bruges since at least 1419.[3] He is the subject of a further portrait by Van Eyck in Berlin, leading to speculation he was a friend of the artist

扬•凡•爱克（Jan Van Eyck），1835年出生于荷兰马塞克城，是尼德兰绘画的奠基者。1425年扬•凡•爱克任菲力蒲•卢•蓬公爵的宫廷画师，曾经充任使节到过葡萄牙等地。他以写实的精细描写和微妙的光影表现，使作品闻名于世。他把神圣的内容拉入现实世界中，着力描绘现实生活、现世人生的丰富多彩。
　　他最擅长的是肖像画，他能摆脱中世纪那种拘谨的传统，真实地描绘对象的个性，赋予形象以典型的市民气息，他的名作《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》就是典型的代表。该作品描绘了尼德兰一个典型的富裕市民的新婚家庭，他用极其细腻的笔调，逼真地刻画了年轻夫妇的肖像，尤其对室内的陈设，包括墙上、房顶的装饰，描绘得一丝不苟，展现出画家所特有的书籍插图画的功力。作品在光影、体积、空间、质感的塑造上，在色彩的饱和度、鲜艳度、刻画的精确度、真实程度和深入程度上都超越了同时代的意大利。
　　在欧洲艺术发展史上，相当长的一段时间，他和他的兄弟胡贝特被认为是油画技法的发明者，虽然这种说法受到了怀疑，但他创制了一种完善的油彩溶剂，使他的作品得以保存至今而色彩几乎未变，是毫无疑问的。杨•凡•艾克于1441年去世时，达•芬奇、米开朗基罗、拉菲尔等意大利文艺复兴的艺术巨匠还都未出生。

(http://www.tubaba.com/art/2007/0605/image_1900_18.html )