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莫卧尔王朝的第一位皇帝:巴布尔

(2008-10-04 05:02:06) 下一个

莫卧尔王朝是印度历史上最繁荣昌盛的一个王朝。在波斯语中Mughal的意思是蒙古人的意思。直到1600年,Mughal帝国的血统仍然是蒙突,后来开始与异族通婚,日益印度化起来。这个王朝的统治大概是从1526-1857, 以后就是英国人的殖民统治。

长话短说,Mughal的开国皇帝叫Babur,巴布尔。
如果要追述老巴在中亚的老家,我只有一句话,游牧民族,城邦国家,邻居,兄弟,亲戚之间打成一片。老巴身上有的蒙古与突厥人的血统,祖上可追溯到成吉思汉和铁木尔(即铁人,强哥是也)

老巴生于1483年,12岁继承了中亚巴掌大块地方,他在回忆录中写道:“In the province of Fergana, in the year 1494, when I was twelve year old, I became king.” 对于自己的家乡他是这样描述的:“The Domain of Fergana has seven towns, five on the south and two on the north of the Syr river. Of those on the south, one is Andijan. It has a central position and is the capital of the Fergana Domain。”他开始只是反抗周围亲戚和邻居的欺负,后来也涨志气了。认为最佳防御就是进攻。于是开始与亲戚们争夺地盘,由于大家都是能打善骑的游牧民族,白忙乎半天,还是没有个分晓。终于有一天,他开窍了,把矛头转向南面的阿富汗,并夺取了喀布尔,当时的喀城可是东西交通要道,十分富庶。老巴在占领阿富汗后的主要娱乐活动包括打猎和观赏大自然,修了很多美丽的花园,他不爱住在宫中,而是喜欢住在花园里,让大家用幔帐围一个地方出来,供他休息。休养生息不等于胸无大志,在他的新盟友波斯王的帮助下,他又开始进攻中亚地区,唉,干吗老跟一块草皮过不去。一打十年还是不分胜负。他被迫放弃对中亚的野心,开始专心攻打印度半岛。老巴是虔诚的伊斯兰教徒(认识波斯王后改的叫),博览群书,希罕诗歌,对小雨应该有相当的吸引力,还潜心用母语写了本回忆录“Baburnama”。为人不错,据自己记载:有一次带兵打仗露宿,人多山洞小,他放弃了山洞的优厚保暖条件,宁愿和大家在一起,还说:怎么能让哥们儿受苦而自己享福呢。其虚伪程度直追刘备。终于在1526年,与德里苏丹大战于Panipat,他领兵12000人对恃敌人十万大军,外加1500头大象坦克,老巴使用了从土而其人那里得来的秘密武器:火炮,大炮一响,大象惊得四处逃窜,十万大军倾刻间分崩瓦解。有时,事情就是这样简单,大局已定,帝国初现。

占领德里后,老巴着力保护印度人的文化遗产,为了表示对印度人的尊重,他在印度人的庙宇里举行了登基仪式。他的儿子向他献上从印度人那里夺过来的无价之宝,印度之光,据说当时的价值是可以让全世界人民免费吃2.5天。现在这个钻石镶在英国的皇冠上。这时候的疆土北到阿富汗,喀什米尔,巴基斯坦,南到印度半岛。在他的回忆录里,对这块土地多有微词,嫌当地的气候差,人不开化,建筑方面居然不知道对称美,其文化乏善可陈,比他心中的偶像波斯差远了。

那么这个拾金不昧的儿子是谁呢?他就是下一集的猪脚:Humayun, 胡没用。

一个伟人的一生如果没有什么绯闻就没意思了,而且还是同性恋,更让人伸长了脖子,请看下面老巴的同性情愫。别说,还写得挺美。
 “In those leisurely days I discovered in myself a strange inclination, nay! as the verse says, I maddened and afflicted myself" for a boy in the camp-bazaar, his very name, Baburi, fitting in.... From time to time Baburi used to come to my presence but out of modesty and bashfulness, I could never look straight at him; how then could I make conversation and recital? In my joy and agitation I could not thank him (for coming); how was it possible for me to reproach him with going away? What power had I to command the duty service to myself? One day, during that time of desire and passion when I was going with companions along a lane and suddenly met him face to face, I got into such a state of confusion that I almost went right off. To look straight at him or put words together was impossible.... In that frothing up of desire and passion, and under that stress of youthful folly, I used to wander, barehead, bare-foot, through street and lane, orchard and vineyard.“

      

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