简评 - 电影《纽伦堡审判》

MGM, 1961 ， Black and White, 3 hours 6 minutes

如此冗长的黑白片，如此老旧的话题，本来以为会大用快进键，匆匆浏览而已。谁知坚守了前三分钟后，就欲罢不能。最后是看了两遍，还外加搜罗 Internet 上的相关资料。

纽伦堡审判，是希特勒、戈林、戈培尔等大头目自杀后，美国军事法庭对纳粹德国几个重臣、法官、教授的审判，是对全体德国人的审判，更是对整个文明社会人类良知的审判。

威严的政权法律、崇高的国家利益可以凌驾于普世的人道价值之上吗？人的个体价值置于怎样的地位？精英是否比“劣等人”有更高的生存和繁衍权利？在利益和正义受到威胁时，是否应该援用敌人的非正义手段，以其人之道还治其人之身呢？合乎逻辑就合乎真理和正义吗？德国人真的对种族灭绝的法西斯杀戮不知情，还是不愿知情？仅仅是希特勒、日耳曼民族或雅丽安人独有的性格缺陷吗？绝对权力在其它国度被滥用是否也会导致同样极端的恐怖？

亚宁的个人悲剧真的那么个人，那么独特吗？He admitted he was worse than all other defendents, while he wrote earlier on the signing of the Weimar constitution: "Now we can look forward to a Germany without guns and bloodshed... a Germany of justice, where men can live instead of die... a Germany of purpose, of freedom, of humanity... a Germany that calls for the best in man. "

如果斯大林、梵蒂冈和丘吉尔早先不给希特勒签约、放行、背书呢？

如果希特勒的奋斗因为历史的机缘成功了呢？

Prosecutor’s Opening Statement : “Your Honor, the case is unusual in that the defendants are charged with crimes committed in the name of the law. These men are the embodiment of what passed for justice in the Third Reich. As judges on the bench you will be sitting in judgment of judges in the dock. This is how it should be. For only a judge knows how much more a court is than a courtroom. It is a process and a spirit. It is the House of Law. The defendants knew this too. They knew courtrooms well. They sat in their black robes. And they distorted and they perverted and they destroyed justice in Germany. They are, perhaps more than others, guilty of complicity in murders, tortures, atrocities—the most cruel and devastating this world has ever seen. Here they will receive the justice they denied others.”

Defense’s Opening Statement: “If the defendant is to be found guilty, certain implications must arise. A judge does not make the law. He carries out the laws of his country, be it a democracy or a dictatorship. The statement, ‘My country right or wrong,’ was expressed by a great American patriot. It is no less true for a German patriot. Should the defendant have carried out the laws of his country? Or should he have refused to carry them out and become a traitor?”

Judgment: “This trial has shown that under a national crisis, ordinary, even able and extraordinary men can delude themselves into the commission of crimes against humanity. How easily it can happen. There are those in our own country too that today speak of the protection of country, of survival. A decision must be made in the life of every nation, at the very moment when the grasp of the enemy is at its throat; then it seems that the only way to survive is to use the means of the enemy, to wrest survival on what is expedient, to look the other way. Only the answer to that is... survival as what? A country isn’t a rock; it’s not an extension of one’s self. It’s what it stands for. It’s what it stands for when standing for something is the most difficult. Before the people of the world, here in our decision, this is what we stand for – justice, truth, and the value of a single human being.”

Defendant Ernst Janning : There was a fever over the land. A fever of disgrace, of indignity, of hunger. We had a democracy, yes, but it was torn by elements within. Above all, there was fear. Fear of today, fear of tomorrow, fear of our neighbors, and fear of ourselves. Only when you understand that - can you understand what Hitler meant to us. Because he said to us: 'Lift your heads! Be proud to be German! There are devils among us. Communists, Liberals, Jews, Gypsies! Once these devils will be destroyed, your misery will be destroyed.' It was the old, old story of the sacrifical lamb. What about those of us who knew better? We who knew the words were lies and worse than lies? Why did we sit silent? Why did we take part? Because we loved our country! What difference does it make if a few political extremists lose their rights? What difference does it make if a few racial minorities lose their rights? It is only a passing phase. It is only a stage we are going through. It will be discarded sooner or later. Hitler himself will be discarded... sooner or later. The country is in danger. We will march out of the shadows. We will go forward. Forward is the great password. And history tells how well we succeeded, your honor. We succeeded beyond our wildest dreams. The very elements of hate and power about Hitler that mesmerized Germany, mesmerized the world! We found ourselves with sudden powerful allies. Things that had been denied to us as a democracy were open to us now. The world said 'go ahead, take it, take it! Take Sudetenland, take the Rhineland - remilitarize it - take all of Austria, take it! And then one day we looked around and found that we were in an even more terrible danger. The ritual began in this courtoom swept over the land like a raging, roaring disease. What was going to be a passing phase had become the way of life. Your honor, I was content to sit silent during this trial. I was content to tend my roses. I was even content to let counsel try to save my name, until I realized that in order to save it, he would have to raise the specter again. You have seen him do it - he has done it here in this courtroom. He has suggested that the Third Reich worked for the benefit of people. He has suggested that we sterilized men for the welfare of the country. He has suggested that perhaps the old Jew did sleep with the sixteen year old girl, after all. Once more it is being done for love of country. It is not easy to tell the truth; but if there is to be any salvation for Germany, we who know our guilt must admit it... whatever the pain and humiliation.

Judge Dan Haywood : Janning, to be sure, is a tragic figure. We believe he *loathed* the evil he did. But compassion for the present torture of his soul must not beget forgetfulness of the torture and death of millions by the government of which he was a part. Janning's record and his fate illuminate the most shattering truth that has emerged from this trial. If he and the other defendants were all depraved perverts - if the leaders of the Third Reich were sadistic monsters and maniacs - these events would have no more moral significance than an earthquake or other natural catastrophes. But this trial has shown that under the stress of a national crisis, men - even able and extraordinary men - can delude themselves into the commission of crimes and atrocities so vast and heinous as to stagger the imagination. No one who has sat through this trial can ever forget. The sterilization of men because of their political beliefs... The murder of children... How *easily* that can happen! There are those in our country today, too, who speak of the "protection" of the country. Of "survival". The answer to that is: *survival as what*? A country isn't a rock. And it isn't an extension of one's self. *It's what it stands for, when standing for something is the most difficult!* Before the people of the world - let it now be noted in our decision here that this is what *we* stand for: *justice, truth... and the value of a single human being!*

Note: The real-life Nuremberg Tribunal found the Nazi judges guilty of crimes against humanity, concluding that “the dagger of the assassin was concealed beneath the robe of the jurist.”

Awards: Won 2 Academy/Oscars. Another 12 wins & 18 nominations

Click below to access the subtitles from the movie "Judgment at Nuremberg":
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=200611&postID=21952

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去GOOGLE了一下，今天是“纽伦堡审判”61年，谢谢糊涂推荐。