徐文立：把中国和平地改变为自由民主的共和国才是中国也是美国21世纪的最高国家利益—2005年10月6日在布朗大学西部校友会上的演

徐文立：把中国和平地改变为自由民主的共和国才是中国也是美国21世纪的最高国家利益—2005年10月6日在布朗大学西部校友会上的演讲

晚上好！

   谢谢你们邀请我今天来这里演讲。

   我演讲一般不喜欢事先准备好演讲稿，这可能是我与生俱来的坏习惯，比较偷懒；也可能是与我的特殊的人生经历有一定关系。我两次坐牢的十六年中除了每月写一次信之外，我有十三年的时间身边没有笔和纸，朋友们可以想象，这对于一个知识分子来说是多么痛苦的事情，这可能也就练就了我习惯把自己的语言和思想写在我的心版上。可是今天我不敢，因为我知道今天与会的诸位女士、先生们都是最优秀的布朗人、或最著名的百人会贤达、也都是美国的成功人士。所以，我这次把自己当成参加一次考试的学生，而特地准备好了演讲稿。 

    尽管，我知道你们大都是老布朗或熟悉布朗大学的人，对于布朗大学的校园比我熟悉得多，但是我还是要告诉诸位，那位憨态可踘的布朗大学特有的棕色的大铜熊，依然注视和护佑着我们的校园；绿茵茵的校园草地上，布朗的少男少女们依然或卧、或坐地在那里读书、谈笑、晒太阳、谈情说爱……。

   但是，布朗大学的莘莘学子更关注重大的社会问题，譬如布朗大学沃森国际研究所的学生和学生组织就正筹划今年11月8—13日在布朗大学沃森国际研究所召开“中美台和平论坛”，这表明布朗大学的学生是极其敏锐和智慧的，因为我认为，未来的二十年间没有比中美台的关系更重大的区域关系了，这样重大的社会问题被我们布朗大学沃森国际研究所的同学们抓住了。

   今天，我们来到了旧金山。顾名思义，以中文的意思，这里有一座古老的金子堆成的山。早年，我的中国同胞就不远万里来到这里“淘金”；当今依然有我的许许多多的中国同胞在这里“淘金”，今天旧金山的“金山”就是世界闻名的“硅谷”。

   正如你们所知道的，旧金山也是发生过许多重大政治事件的著名城市，她有最多的我的中国同胞在这里居住。所以，这里是谈论中美关系最恰当的地方。

    正如你们所知道的，六十年前，世界各国包括当时的中华民国，在这里庄严地签署了联合国宪章，人类社会开始了新的纪元。

    遗憾的是，不久就开始了冷战时期。

   当时，前苏联这个帝国构成了对美国和世界和平的巨大威胁和挑战。

   令人敬佩的是里根总统，和当时的国务卿乔治•舒尔茨（George Schulz）先生二十年前也是在旧金山，明智地提出了瓦解苏联的战略，这就是后来的简单而卓有成效的“里根主义”的雏形——旗帜鲜明地反对共产专制，巧妙地用所谓的“星球大战计划”拖垮了前苏联的专制政权。

   1985年2月22日，舒尔茨前国务卿在旧金山的共和党俱乐部发表了著名的演讲，他明智地指出：“总的来说，我们有必要很坚定地保卫我们的民主的原则和自由的价值观，我们有必要很坚定地帮助各国人民争取他们的自由权利，放弃这些就是不体面地出卖，同时也是出卖我们自身的高尚的理想。”

   此后仅四年柏林墙坍塌了，前苏联随之崩溃。世界的政治格局朝着有利于全球民主化的方向发展。

   但是，“911”的恐怖袭击发生之后，世界上的极端恐怖主义在阻碍着全球民主化的进程，极大地干扰着美国为推进世界民主化所作出的努力。

   就在世界民主力量这个困难时期，中共政府凭借经济有所发展，外汇储备有所增加，但是国内因丧失了高尚的道德追求，两极分化越来越加剧，银行呆帐、坏帐越来越严重，贪污腐败越来越猖獗，国内社会矛盾越来越尖锐的情况下，中共不断地煽动民族主义情绪，企图以此转移日益加剧的国内矛盾；并不断以它一手制造的和它暗中策划的“北朝鲜核危机”，来诱惑、左右美国政府，以破坏美国的全球战略，以减轻美国和世界民主国家对它的人权压力。

   更有甚者，最近他们放出了一个核疯子——朱成虎，向美国发出了核大战的威胁。

   今年7月14日“香港明天更好基金会”，在由中国外交部专门安排的外国记者招待会上，中国人民解放军国防大学防务学院院长朱成虎少将对外国记者公开地说：如果华盛顿军事介入台海冲突，中国可以主动地向美国几百个城市发动核攻击，“中国人已做好西安以东城市全数遭到摧毁的准备，当然，美国也必须做好准备，美国西岸一百多个或二百多个、甚至更多的城市可能被中国摧毁。”

   一个未经证实的朱成虎7月6日在国防大学的内部讲话，就更加露骨和疯狂。

   中国政府7月16日拒绝收回朱成虎7月14日的说词，但是对这番言论进行淡化处理。中国外交部发言人表示，朱成虎的讲话反映的是他个人的观点，可是外交部拒绝澄清是否这也代表了中国政府的立场。

    

   这是一个令人毛骨悚然的反人类、反一切生灵的罪恶的核大战计划。

   这种罪恶的核大战的计划，并非只是狂人诳话，不值得人们重视和警惕。因为历史证明，有权力的疯子是有可能把疯子的计划变为现实的，希特勒就曾经作到了这一点。

   五十年前，毛泽东曾经说过，核战争没有什么可怕，中国（当时）有六亿人口，大不了死三亿人，还有三亿人。

   1950年毛泽东、斯大林和金日成发动的韩战，六十年代至七十年代毛泽东帮助的越战，让许许多多美国青年人丧生在沙场。

   1960－1962年，毛泽东一手制造的饥荒，三年就饿死了三千万以上的中国人。

   1996年，中国军队的副总参谋长熊光楷也曾向美国人民发出过核威胁，他说，小心你们的洛杉矶，而不是台北。

   

   一般的人往往会被中共政权的假相所迷惑，因为善良的人们并不知道中国共产党是一个以中共军队为核心的党，中共军队只属于中国共产党，并不属于中国这个国家；中共军队是名副其实的中国共产党的军队，它不是中国国家的军队。

   不应该把中共军队称为中国军队，就像当年德国的党卫军，只是属于希特勒的法西斯政党，并不属于德国国家。中共军队就更是如此，因为它表面上实行什么只允许“党指挥枪”，不允许“枪指挥党”。然而实质上，只有掌握了中共军队这个“枪杆子”的这个中国共产党的领导人，才有可能指挥中国共产党。不容许“枪指挥党”，只是专用来管党的最高领导人以下的其他军事领导人的。

   现在，中共军队的最高领导人、也就是他们的党的最高领导人——胡锦涛，他一再表示要向北朝鲜的金正日和古巴的卡斯特罗学习，放纵和披露朱成虎这样的对美国的核大战的战争威胁，不能不让我们保持高度的警觉。

   更何况，旧金山正是熊光楷、朱成虎们威胁要用核武器摧毁掉的美国西岸一百多个或二百多个城市的中心又中心的地带，更不能不让我们保持高度的警觉。

   固然，世界性的恐怖主义是当前对美国的最大挑战。

   但是，潜在的更大的恐怖主义，和对美国和美国人民的最大威胁其实是中共的专制政权和他们的拥有洲际核导弹的武装力量。

   我们有理由在这里发出：学习里根、舒尔茨先生，再用一个聪明的方法帮助中国和平地改变，把中国和平地改变成为一个自由、民主、共和的国家。

   只有这样，才有可能如同消除前苏联对于美国所构成的最大威胁一样的，消除中共专制政权这个潜在的对美国的最大威胁。 

   所以，我今天演讲的主题就是，只有帮助中国和平地成为一个自由民主的国家，才是中国和中国人民，也是美国和美国人民二十一世纪的最大的国家利益之所在。

   然而，能够做到这一点，最简便而又最省钱的办法就是，支持和帮助中国公开的、和平的、理性的、健康的、富有建设性的、忠诚的反对力量和反对党，这要比中美发生军事冲突，美国和美国人民每天可能要花几亿美元，同时要牺牲不知多少美国年轻人的生命要划算得多。

   我2003年在布朗大学沃森国际研究所的同仁们和同学们的帮助下，成立了“关注中国中心”，该中心准备研究中国和平转型的问题、新的民主共和国的宪法研究和起草的工作、为民主制度下的中国准备的“公民课本”的编纂等等、等等，也包括策划“中美台和平论坛”、“中国问题智库”、我的“为了中国、走遍美国”、建立中国民主党的海外网站、关心中国孤儿、营救在狱中的中国民主党人和其他良心犯、帮助出狱的异议人士和他们的亲属……等等、等等。

   我知道，你们都是美国的成功人士，恐怕都是晚上12点也睡不了觉的人，你们肯定也知道，深夜12点以后睡下，凌晨4点、6点被电话叫醒的滋味，我在美国常遇到这样的事情，我的那些依然坚持在中国大陆从事自由民主事业的同仁们需要我各个方面的帮助。所以，我也需要你们的支持和帮助。

   我和我的祖国都需要你们的支持和帮助，有了你们的支持和帮助，中国的前景才是美好的，中美关系的前景才是美好的。

   谢谢大家!

   下面，我愿意回答你们的问题。

   10.06.05

   Helping China Peacefully Transform into a Free, Democratic Republic Will Provide the Greatest Benefit to America in the 21st Century

   Delivered by Xu Wenli Ph.D.

   Senior Fellow, Brown University Watson Institute of International Studies 

   translated by Joel Dietz, Nadav Katz, and Harry Rothschild

   Thank you for inviting me here to speak today.

    When I speak, I usually don’t like to prepare a manuscript. Perhaps this is just another bad habit of mine – I am a bit lazy. Or maybe it is because of some of the unique experiences of my life. During the two times I was imprisoned, a total of 16 years, besides the ability to write one letter a month, I had thirteen years without pen and paper by my side. As my friends can imagine, this is quite difficult for someone with intellectual tendencies. It is possible experiences like these have forced me to put aside paper and make a habit of storing my deepest thoughts within my heart. 

   But I knew that today’s entire assembly of ladies and gentlemen is composed entirely of outstanding Brunonians and esteemed members of the Committee of 100 -- all highly successful Americans. So, I’ve felt like a student myself, attending a test, and I have specially prepared a manuscript. 

   That notwithstanding, I know that as old Brunonians, people familiar with Brown, you all know Brown’s campus better than I. And so I must reassure each of you: Fear not! That unique feature of Brown – that silly-looking, large copper-colored bear still watches and protects our campus. On the quads, Brown University’s young men and women lay or sit on the thick carpet of green grass. There, as ever, they read, talk, laugh, bask in the sun, and whisper words of love.

    But many of Brown’s diligent students are deeply preoccupied with issues critical to our society. For example, students from Brown University’s Watson Institute plan to convene “Strait Talk”, a three-way symposium involving China, Taiwan, and the US on November 8 to November 13. This shows the special foresight and mental acuity of Brown’s students, because I believe in the next twenty years no relationship worldwide will be more important than that between the US, China and Taiwan. This sort of great societal problem has been acknowledged and addressed by the students of Brown’s Watson Institute.

   ***

   Today, we have come to San Francisco. Just as the Chinese name for San Francisco, “Old Gold Mountain,” implies, here is one great mountain piled up from little bits of gold. Many years ago, my Chinese brethren heard legends about this “Old Gold Mountain,” and came to pan for gold. Today it seems as if a great many of my Chinese brethren are still here panning for gold. Today, the “Gold Mountain” of “Old Gold Mountain’ has become the world famous Silicon Valley. 

   Even as you are all aware, San Francisco has been the site of many important political events. Here are more of my Chinese countrymen than any other city. What more appropriate place could there be to speak of the relationship between China and America?

    As you are no doubt aware, on a grand and solemn occasion sixty years ago, many countries, including the Republic of China, came here to San Francisco to sign the UN Charter. At that time, human society the world round seemed poised to enter a new era of peace, prosperity, and democracy. Regrettably, the Cold War started soon thereafter. At that time, the Soviet Union posed a terrible threat to America and the world. 

    Twenty years ago, once again in San Francisco, President Ronald Reagan and his Secretary of State George Schulz unveiled their long-reaching strategy—the Reagan Doctrine in embryonic form—bravely opposing Communist absolutism and using the “Star Wars” plan to facilitate the collapse of the Soviet Union’s tyrannical regime. 

    On February 22nd, 1985, Secretary of State Schulz gave a famous speech at San Francisco’s Commonwealth Club. He wisely advised: “We must, in short, stand firmly in the defense of our interests and principles and the rights of peoples to live in freedom. The forces of democracy around the world merit our standing with them, to abandon them would be a shameful betrayal--a betrayal not only of brave men and women but of our highest ideals.”

   Only four years later the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. The political structures of the world seemed once again to have a clear path towards democracy. However, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks September 11, 2001, terrorism and extremism have emerged as a great obstacle to the building of a global community of democracies. 

   In these troubled times for the world’s democracy, China’s Communist government is relying increasingly upon economic growth and its vast reserves of foreign currency. Yet beneath this veneer of prosperity China has lost its moral compass. Economic growth rests on unstable foundations: the volatile banking system is characterized by fraud, speculation and illegal transactions, official corruption is rampant, and a vast gap separates rich and poor.

   To divert attention from these rapidly growing domestic conflicts, from this malaise of the spirit, the Chinese Communist government fans the flames of nationalism without cease. For instance, the Chinese Communist government has created and secretly manipulated the burgeoning North Korean nuclear crisis to distract the American government, to undermine America’s position on the world stage, and weaken the impact of US and foreign pressure on its abuses of human rights. 

   Even worse, Zhu Chenghu, a loose cannon and nuclear madman, recently has emerged from a growing crowd of Chinese militarists to issue a threat of nuclear warfare towards America.

   On July 14th of this year, at a meeting of the Better Hong Kong Foundation, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs organized a reception for foreign journalists. At this event, the dean of the PLA’s National Defense College at the National Defense University, Brigadier General Zhu Chenghu, openly told foreign journalists: If Washington gets militarily involved in the Taiwan straits, China may initiate a nuclear attack on many American cities. 

   As he said: ''We Chinese will prepare ourselves for the destruction of all the cities east of Xian. Of course the Americans will have to be prepared that hundreds of cities will be destroyed by the Chinese.''

   Another unverifiable internal speech was possibly given within the National Defense college on July 6th. If true, it is even more crazy and chilling.

   The Chinese government on the 16th of July weakened but refused to withdraw Zhu Chenghu’s statements of the 14th. While the ministry of Foreign Affairs said that Zhu Chenghu’s speech was reflective of his personal opinion, they refused to clarify whether or not this personal opinion represented the position of the Chinese government.

   Such a ghastly plan is enough to chill one to the bone. This is not simply fanciful bluster: we must pay attention to these plans, even the plans of madmen. History has proven that the sinister designs of madmen with power can become realities. Hitler is an example.

   Fifty years ago, Mao Zedong also raised the possibility of a nuclear war. He said: “Nuclear war is nothing to be afraid of. China has 600 million people. It’s no big deal if 300 million die; we’ll still have 300 million.” In 1950, Mao, Stalin, and Kim Il Sung started the Korean War. From the 60s to the 70s they supplied the North Vietnamese Army in the Vietnam War, which killed many young Americans on the battlefield. From 1960 to 1962, Mao Zedong created a famine in his own homeland, indirectly killing over 30 million Chinese people through starvation. 

   In 1996, the PLA’s Vice Chief of Staff Xiong Guangkai had already threatened the possibility of nuclear war. He warned Americans: “You should start worrying about Los Angeles, not Taipei.”

   Most people are confused about the true nature of the Chinese Communist party’s political authority. The true source of party authority is the Army. In name and reality, Just as Hitler’s Nazi storm troopers did not belong to the German people or to Germany, but were a tool of the Fascists, so the Army does not belong to the Chinese state or the Chinese people—it is the instrument of the Party and the Party alone. The people of America and China often mistakenly believe in the supreme power of the Chinese Communist government, but the army is the true core of the Communist Party. On the surface, the “party commands the gun,” and doesn’t allow the “gun to command the Party.” However, in essence, only that highest leader who holds the stock of the gun – that is, the Chinese Communist Army -- can command the Chinese Communist Party. This leader is exempt from the so-called principle of not allowing “the gun to command the party”—it applies only to his subordinates. 

   Now, the highest leader of the Army is also the highest leader of the Communist Party – Hu Jintao. He has repeatedly shown that he is taking after Kim Jong Il and Fidel Castro, as he has given free rein to Zhu Chenghu to issue the threat of nuclear war towards America. We must maintain a heightened state of alertness. 

   Furthermore, San Francisco is certainly included in the swath of hundreds of cities which Xiong Guangkai and Zhu Chenghu would use nuclear weapons to destroy. As I just stated, we must maintain a heightened state of alertness

   No doubt, global terrorism is currently the greatest challenge for America. But beneath the surface the absolutist Chinese government and its collection of ICBMs pose the potential for greater terror and an even greater threat toward America and the American people. We must push China to peacefully change into a free, democratic republic! We must draw upon intelligent strategies like those of Reagan and Schulz to help China peacefully transform into a free, democratic republic. Just as America’s fervent belief in this global responsibility helped extinguish the global threat posed by the Soviet Union, a renewed belief in this sense of responsibility and similar thoughtful strategy can eliminate the threat that the autocratic ruling cabal in China poses to America and the rest of the democratic, freedom-loving world.

   Therefore, the essential message of my lecture is this: In the 21st century, helping China peacefully transform into a free, democratic republic is vital to the national interest of America and the American people. The simplest and most economical means of achieving this end is to support open, sincere, rational, and constructive opposition parties working to undermine the autocratic Chinese Communist government. This alternative is far preferable to the gargantuan human and financial costs that would result from war between America and China. 

    In 2003, with the help of students and others with a common outlook at Brown’s Watson Institute, I founded my non-profit the “Caring for China Center.” The central purpose was to investigate the problem of peaceful political transformation within China, to study and work on creating a draft constitution of a new democratic republic, compiling documents for a civics textbook that would be used in a new democratic system. Other projects have included the plan for “Strait Talk: A Multi-Track Symposium on China-US-Taiwan relations,” establishing “China Speaks,” a clearinghouse for dissenting opinions on the questions of the Rise of China, my “Freedom Tour,” establishing the website for the Chinese Democratic Party overseas, looking after Chinese orphans, working for the release of imprisoned members of the Chinese Democratic Party and other prisoners of conscience, and providing assistance to dissidents that have already been released from jail and their relatives. 

    I know that as successful Americans, you may often fear that your work will impinge on your ability to sleep. Personally I have found that even when I am able to go to sleep at a reasonable hour, I am not infrequently awakened by telephone calls in the wee hours of the morning. But yet I still persist on behalf of the Chinese mainland that it may embark on a path of democracy and freedom. Just as my compatriots still need help in many areas, so I also need each of your help and support.

    My homeland and I both need your help and support – only with it will China’s future prospects be filled with fortune and the relationship between China and America harmonious!

    Thank you everybody!

(徐文立：把中国和平地改变为自由民主的共和国才是中国也是美国21世纪的最高国家利益—2005年10月6日在布朗大学西部校友会上的演讲 全文完博讯www.peacehall.com)