吃蒜一时爽,吃完之后口气问题难免遭人嫌弃。蒜的气味背后都有哪些化学物质在起作用?
总的来说,大蒜独特的辛辣刺激性和气味来自一系列烯丙基含硫化合物。大蒜素应该是这里面最有名的一种化合物,它的化学结构如下:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
大蒜素
整瓣的蒜几乎闻不到什么气味,但一旦切开、碾碎蒜味就会变浓。对植物而言,产生刺激性的“蒜味物质”其实也是一个防御过程,这些物质具有抗菌、抗真菌作用,还能对吃它的动物产生刺激性。当大蒜的细胞被破坏时,蒜氨酸酶(allinase)将蒜氨酸(alliin)分解,经过几步反应转化为大蒜素(allicin),切开新鲜生蒜时的气味主要就来自大蒜素。
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)
蒜氨酸
而吃完蒜之后残留的口气闻起来还会和新鲜的生蒜有点不同。这是因为产生的含硫化合物并不稳定,之后还会继续分解和转化。有研究专门分析过“大蒜口气”背后的化学成分(这种研究还有不止一个,十分厉害_(:з」∠)_)。研究方法就是找到志愿者先吃上几克大蒜,然后收集他们呼出的气体,通过气相色谱分离出各种化合物。研究发现,“大蒜口气”中的含硫化合物包括:甲基烯丙基硫醚、烯丙基甲基二硫醚、烯丙基硫醇、二烯丙基二硫……在这其中,甲基烯丙基硫醚据说是在人体内分解最慢的,所以也是“大蒜口气”中留香(?)最持久的物质。
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)
甲基烯丙基硫醚
来自网络酷炫科学
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