文学城网上讨论厉害国的问题,参与者众,争吵得也非常厉害。因为工作的关系,本人经常要阅读统计公报,查各种数据。想到把有些数据整理一下贴到博客,让数据讲话,为争吵提供一点点“依据”。
我深知:描述一个国度的数据实在太多,太庞杂,而且有很多个侧面/层面。凭一己之力,本人的呈现难免挂一漏万,博主只是尝试简单梳理,就当是稍微认真一点的聊天吧。本人无意形成什么样具体的严谨的结论,也不打算参与到什么论战,也非商业目的,更多的是自己的学习笔记分享。
另外,个人博客,也非商业目的,写博的看博的都时间有限。囿于精力和能力,本人没法做到多严谨,多深入,只能说尽量 真诚地,严肃认真地讨论,只能说朝那个深入的方向走吧。
1. 考虑到时间和工作量,我们就不一一指出具体数据来源。数据主要来源于公开资料,特别是官方机构的统计资料。(数据量的确有点大)
2.我们当然无法保证所有数据准确及时,但是没有任何的主观故意,不会胡编乱造,任意夸大(缩小),避免误导性陈述和偏见性解读。力求客观呈现,平和讨论。
欢迎有兴趣的朋友补充数据,指出我们的错误和缺陷。对其中的数据和结论欢迎质疑,但不接受谩骂。
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考虑到数据太过庞杂,我会按照下面的框架分类,分类逐步展示。
大体数据分类是:
要素投入: A.土地 B自然资源 C人力资源 D资金
生产效率和效益: 取决于 E国家治理,社会组织,企业管理 F 技术
形成产出:
P产品和服务
M投资形成基础设施 和N产业配套
S科教文卫设施,包括学校,医院,科研院所软硬件,还有图书馆,博物馆,美术馆,科学馆,艺术馆,音乐厅等等,这恰恰是中国欠缺很多的。
T军事国防
以上S T两类不容易直接形成效益。但是科教文卫一方面会深刻地影响人力资源的培养,影响国家企业社会治理,也是技术进步的根本动力所在。另一方面它们本身也是百姓生活质素的重要体现,不是GDP能完全计量和概括的。
![](/upload/album/19/de/7c/ddcb38949917S5DXg169.jpg)
![](/upload/album/19/de/7c/ddcb38949948liml2vjl.jpg)
今天就先从A土地 以及 与之高度相关 P“产品和服务”中的农产品开始吧。
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按照2019年中国统计公报
农业
全年粮食种植面积11606万公顷。
其中,小麦种植面积2373万公顷;稻谷种植面积2969万公顷 ;玉米种植面积4128万公顷 。
棉花种植面积334万公顷 。
油料种植面积1293万公顷 。
糖料种植面积162万公顷 。
全年粮食产量66384万吨,比上年增加594万吨,增产0.9%。
其中,夏粮产量14160万吨,增产2.0%;
早稻产量2627万吨,减产8.1%;
秋粮产量49597万吨,增产1.1%。
全年谷物产量61368万吨,比上年增产0.6%。其中,稻谷产量20961万吨,减产1.2%;小麦产量13359万吨,增产1.6%;玉米产量26077万吨,增产1.4%。
从2015年到2019年粮食总产量基本维持在6.6亿吨上下水平,变化很小。
全年棉花产量589万吨,比上年减产3.5%。油料产量3495万吨,增产1.8%。糖料产量12204万吨,增产2.2%。茶叶产量280万吨,增产7.2%。
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关于种植面积,我们关心房地产的过程中留意到官方经常强调,保住18亿亩耕地红线。专门把统计局的数据 单位“万公顷” 折算成单位“亿亩”,的确和18亿亩有紧密联系。
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
关于种植面积,又和世界主要的国土辽阔的国家作了一下对比。人均耕地面积真是相差太远。
而且中印两国耕地应用已经非常充分,未来因为沙漠化,退耕还林,退耕还湖,城市化,还可能出现耕地面积下降。但是其他几个地广人稀的国家 理论上的“可开垦耕地” 比 目前“实际利用耕地”还高出不少。可以拓展的耕地空间还很大,特别是巴西,美国,加拿大。
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NlW+e9yamldKVtBwH6ek0BQmVRCGG2gn6f/VlZ0lvETHpvQek4sI4Yz/SJstc8Pjf5YKdvGWrZAX60OSKcVrlLpZ3b/mP0XDtWksYxNpXsQwTEsUm+ebfLhMXqNU5crZV7K+1h05WyBwTWRr4zIoRYewtBJsVRPnXzy4G0uODknbMQdUyLxz0Sz/Ve8vzc5MNlwBGu7OJ6+Ze0s1f3ue3vtdNKF6v47mHl8EGwuuXuTdJQp4pPQ0Acm+QbJ4TZcdwpcIy8aQyq1qQkSec8L+OtaTCeBm+Vwg/WEkbkqc9lX1T3WT5yymS/pc6Yhlzrlgx1oONoZ64+l47PST4SRsRA/cGC9xWDUYts3BHP5h/zz7VzPqf92rokFqsWuc6wWlL/OWQkjXPU9bF15Hc76we9uPdRhI/V45Ty4tgk31N2vhIqxku+vQnFyUo5DTC9NViVqXgbCOAHawlM8OjT8ivysr+rt/7Yy1eOWFnqM3Ac20Qmki95yvfGinVdKz4n+bCT6+FOHrj2nlxmbsj54Md3VuMHCph3ZveUj8HunPYf0y540HaLfGdYHdPOx8hKGh9Tx7nKtp5sHvnHoyZfJhImFn6SqoTsucA7sMiv8DgRWAv56mt8CzkSIahz3rqPa4+0iFmfznVRxjwJdc/kuwR3H7AS7xhbPpLzaHJF/hzhFuSL7iwg9NF4JeCWD1hlPIt8MyKnnYtjc+fLxLn0p9PzjVI+Ds5q1TRUY5JyMlLVPCmZXvHjQWAt5Ou3c7PP4aPoGH11CfrIL703m9vc0853hDsEN7tMDM7ILZ2HZvUt6VtkbkG+PAvAlQ92uMyXkq8YnMu2pRj05CSNXv410+uycyJaV/5xQsuX0/IEdM0Oq7auh8BayFeLIxHigxAoaa3QWjAiZzn9G39/8eLF8K9JcYecfT/qlMdJS69rpJ2bfCQU8Rvd5xV3yAeM93TZGXzECvvxlRFW7IjxH4n6Gr6xNvLlasHSKyObuOzc6kQcIT/t3JJrkW+esBxUyFZ4vAismXyZtJjYez4oCeTeoRy/GPDn3qVrZKnLMcAOx3u+pHlMfXsg39m9S3Ev8v3TgYjz4iP6XZHv9wdOejTky2Sx9DJPlHNCapEvDuMk5LE7h+hMHDtJMQgrbBuBtZKvPtbzQVCP/movjBaNvTzHUyZnx4ljaLQQsP1rxZfa+YI7O7kR7u78sFVMl06uo3qPwe7c9h/TtvbzQBlYjS43K1s73z/eQYyP9R7I2+XO9w6ZBat7J8Yi34jaNo/XTL5xx5nR1QfjZJ53pZxDqJKnsYtQ6rSemEa6ZWM6/k4da/D7c5OPJAEevGyj95AV+ZFwwB9dxHYWj4gq9/Ho/Nz2j9rKeWIF+R6DVa7nUudru+x8rH9cc6Ey6gNxfPDAVasQA+OYy87ffffd4bLebMCQv6ZVf8v2SjsNAfp2TQGyk9yY2Ee+qRz6t2RbPstudnT/191u72Et82Pbt8Dv3OQjoYjlaMKMtoP76LKr2IAbcxPy5wjntv8YncTKy+4jrFp/STqmrVNkJY1Typ67TOuvRq029I/N7nxbRlVaITBCYG3kO9K18n5F4Jbk86sWtzvau/0j5NdEviM9154njot2vms3pvRbHwJFvuvrkyUa7Z189m7/yEckjZFM5c0REMci3zlWJXECAkW+J4C2giJ7J5+92z9yQUljJFN5cwTE8UC+o/tflbf8hSOFVWFVPlA+UD5QPjDzgffv3/PcyboejJmvG0piCwiUX22hlx7quPed397tf+gRv6a4Y/s1pY5OQUAci3xPQa/KTBEo8p1CtEqBvZPP3u0fOaWkMZKpvDkC4ljkO8eqJE5AoMj3BNBWUGTv5LN3+0cuKGmMZCpvjoA4TsmX/0e2/tc4b+L/Jfz/4sfUsbStklsPAkW+6+mLYzTZO/ns3f6Rr0gaI5nKmyMgjk3yjS8W8E08MY2J1V8k1Z6Msq04/rF+rnZJbAUB+rrC9hDYO/ns3f6Rx0oaI5nKmyMgjvfI110qE2cmRYg1Ei1N5LR8PlejJB4rAkW+l+tZxpmL4nO3smbywW704+1OOZgHLkteI6g8c1p8f/Sa7c8253Ns4i1Z2X5t/fLLLx/k5TpG55LGSOaaebzlqmXvNXU4pS1xbJIvnZUDaceSLwNhCYnntup8+wgU+Z6/D+PiOI/F2FqUox/48VrLH374oflO6ljXGsnH9z5ri/bwDmTzmGv8IAG2ctwKyku6zE/8JKw12t+yI6bR37xiE1y0i3xtXYJNrEOcM46SRmz7FsfqSl89f/783uIp6sN71D/99NO7q7TaNSoTy1/qWBzPTr68tJ6fhs7iTM6XMrjqvS4C9HuF8yLAJMoimDETCTO3Ivm2FtFRVrk4BrdAPkyqn3zySfOrP+Q9ffq0+wEHdkrgKNlGPDjegv1ZZ2yKfhF38lF2hI2ENnoHsqQR67zFMfaiJ37LoqNnb9ZNG2/xXuyoizg2yTcTJgPdjyVggCHvhvM5Th4HNuWyjHVV/LgQKPK9XH+ei3wZi/lDD1sgn1PJl53g6GtB9NgW7O95Ft/4jTvfLPdYyFe7sPcY8uUyNV/OevfunVXcJB6SL4MyhxZp5rR8DvlmIud8tGrP7db5NhEo8r1cvy0lX8de/p6wmjE++cWwBfJhnmESzZeWJeXezoZ8yPfVq1d3nyvMZLUF+2N/xeMR+c6wcVcYfSZ//lHSiG3e8vhY8p1d9biWLeLY3Pni3DlkYiU/p+XzXEed7weBIt/L9fWMfHPLyNMfcVwzGX/22WeH7wtH+bWTj/cxsckgsUgcmVCzHAsOLjtLOJ4jt3b7taUVt8h3KTa5PuoCi3gZWtLIsrc6P4Z8wWF0O+KaNojjWcmXAYEjO9gdDK24dr/X7O7rt0WfV7gMAoyvY8cP45KfIZ+bvmbyaZGlehtHcs73dZmA2fnGHTMLkriLXrP92tiLW+QbZcWmd2UgynKcd4qSRpa71fkx5JttuZXOtCuOU/JlkDLQl9zzRdYVKQOFcnG1TcPk9y6D3RKQavu8CBT5nhfPWNvHki+TMPd689ikjbWSzxLiFaPeRIvd+Z7vnsgXfHrYiF2Ms6ykEWVuebyUfOn3J0+e3NvF31JvcbxHvg7KuFN1gBJLwjF/RrYQMmT78uXLw6Uv5W9pfLV9eQSKfC+HcYt848I3t8yOjzHoWG6Vt8xayRciYP7JT7Zi2+vXr1X/cBmdJ6Hd3VEOe3uXmTPBrNX+OwMHB3nneww2uVrK+kS5VxAkjSx7q/MW+cb+Vq+WnHm3iMXxHvnmQRoVk3xZgbZCK580JmH+evTtt98eVtv56cpWXZW2fQSKfM/fhxBsXPhyDCH98ssvh5h8guM4yrrodYHtedZyjeQjEUR7tP33v//94bJxzAOHHtnmujKhr9H+3Ef5HMJB74gBdrWw8UUb+UpCxoW6XMDYnqTh+a3ilr38dxff5uln+x/93PVmW26lO+2K4z3yHSnUItcoj8HIMKh1AieDKOfgV6Y3CcQydbw9BOjfCttDYIvkc06U927/CEtJYyRTeXMExHEx+c6rLIlC4FcEinx/xWJLR3snn73bP/JVSWMkU3lzBMSxyHeOVUmcgECR7wmgraDI3sln7/aPXFDSGMlU3hwBcSzynWNVEicgUOR7AmgrKLJ38tm7/SMXlDRGMpU3R0AcD+TLRFm/wqB8oHygfKB8oHzg8j7w/v17OLcejJmvVUriWATKr45FbB3ye9/57d3+kRe6YxvJVN4cAXEs8p1jVRInIFDkewJoKyiyd/LZu/0jF5Q0RjKVN0dAHIt851iVxAkIFPmeANoKiuydfPZu/8gFJY2RTOXNERDHLvnyp2tejsH/cnPg/7v5/7m+TpJJd+mvXriRkX0850W+2+zLvZPP3u0fea2kMZKpvDkC4tglX96aw/uc43uYfUFG6+UZki8v2lgSRuS+pHzJrBuBIt91909Pu72Tz97t7/kF6ZLGSKby5giI4z3yhRAh26U7V+XYBUu+foDBvFbMq8/evHnT3VnP1S+JtSNAv1e4DAIscFsL4KWtUZ7+yVevKL9m8kFv9ONVgTnEPN9FnGU891WK+dWS5K/ZfvVvxdrv6yNbMqYpe+wrFyUN69lK7CsmW/19CxvE8R759hSRWOm0XujJYDjv28yXr2vn20PycaQX+Z6/Hx1jYMtEwnkrRDlk+XGLhzFHbJrpcWyukXzQj8/+Zb35NOAor4UN7wUGA8pKQnyz1rBG+9WtFWs/izFsAifty/LKtnB0QRLzOI6EJWnkeq953tOTdzvnj26gFx9V4AMRb9++PRzTv/EbxdfU3bbE8QH54pC5A0bnrsAd8Jmg6fAiX2HfT4zPVDgvAow1xhc71iXkm8di1oaJLH7tiPwtkI8TcCRNbRvlMRflTwpCxuDqbnkL9mtrK8b+pR+NH2HFfM68ja+JjaTRavdWaerZ2sW3sFjDF47E8QH5tkDsEWuUjTJ02IywAab3QFest463iUCR7+X6rcj318/dZZRHhOLOT0Jx4vacuop8/x/R77///rCLZjdtkDQ8X0Osnu/evXugTiuvlfag4IUTxPEe+c5Is0eorBwj+Ubd3fn+9NNPh88KmlfkKxKPMy7yvVy/LiVfx2t8aDJqxc6YS5SMUcMWyAe9ubwaiUH9R3nIkI+Nn3322WHXH3e95G/Bfm3NsQuP1i4wy3I+wipfEUBe0mjVdau0lp7q0trlghFXP1q+Y7lLx+J4j3x7jUKsL168ONwzGslwKYwOjSGSL/lMHIQi34jS4zsu8r1cn87IN7fsojqOTcYlxOt4tMzayQe9Id6sN/rHPC+Vapexu10XJo+BfCVdbYr3abU7x2LVImrqa126ljRyXbc67+mpPpsiXwanHXhMzECY7XzpbGS+/vrrQ1zkq4s8zhj/qXAZBBhvo3u+rVYhGX4Ex6rnUX7N5CtxZsLUpvwh9WgXxxKO94pb9a3Z/mxP61wbW6SqfMtu84h7u8m1kW9PT23ZFPmqdIwdqC9fvjzsfjlvBeVevXp1WFGPyJvLYN9++23d820B+UjSinwv15EfQ76O0xbxovFayQe9e+Q6you9wOYi7wpJi5ew12p/tGN2PCKlGVaSd+uJ4DWRL3o+efJk+ORy6/5ui5BneJ47Xxynl50ZpK6ydV46MAfSkENmSaid7xKUtitT5Hu5vmuRL+OU9FZgrPlUcxzPLdm1kg+EkolT/Wd54MJlaOYm/nby448/WvTw95NY71rtv1M4HdC3r1+/vkvlHBvd+YKN9iM0wop8yCnicVfxyu759kg02itBi4ULD8+jbdc8npIvHcYEmge0Azk/qCH5jna8OS/XcU0Aqq3LIlDke358Ic48hpgoeRsdMfkEx2iUZRy30pGhrAvqNZKPhBLtUW9e1gPZtPKYfPNumck5yrIoiWS8RvtHnuRONdrkizYkG/yCxccIR/4ja109cpI0RvpcIy+Tqm1me0ln90ufio/YWOYWsTje2/myMlTJTLpZSQCAPJGncyXf2vlmpPZ5jl9U2B4CWyOfcyO8d/tHeEoaI5nKmyMgjvfId16sJAqBZQgU+S7DaW1Seyefvds/8kdJYyRTeXMExLHId45VSZyAQJHvCaCtoMjeyWfv9o9cUNIYyVTeHAFxLPKdY1USJyBQ5HsCaCsosnfy2bv9IxeUNEYylTdHQBwP5MtEWb/CoHygfKB8oHygfODyPvD+/Xs4tx6Mma9VSuJYBMqvjkVsHfJ73/nt3f6RF7pjG8lU3hwBcSzynWNVEicgUOR7AmgrKLJ38tm7/SMXlDRGMpU3R0Aci3znWJXECQgU+Z4A2gqK7J189m7/yAUljZFM5c0REMcm+fIfXj73x5+yc+B/vPFP+eb7P18m3aW/+JIN/lcc/1vMsS8NsA3i+KKApf8pjuXr+DoIFPleB+dzt7J38tm7/SN/kjRGMpU3R0Acm+SbCdYXavhOZr5wxJtl+CyXBC35SoiZwDnnbTPEBLGu4VsAAB7ISURBVMr5PV+ItkfYEP1XX311Lz+S9NzUkrgFAkW+t0D949vcO/ns3f6RB0kaI5nKmyMgjk3yZccJ4UF8TKKQriRLDPn+/PPPBwL2nbEfQ76oC6FGUuXYnW88nptWEmtAoMj3cr3AAtexMWoFOfohjivkTW/VsXby0fb8yUDmJV4zyZzFqxJPDWu3f2QX2PD6zIxNrwyyfuFJGV/H2HoNo6Sh7LVjdGvZp86912JGPfGTTz/99EPLvih3yWNxfEC+rR1rvASN8u5Yo4JFvhGNOi7yPb8POMbAtnXrxxYZw776FVl+nDN2iSFdZeKtH8qvlXywnStn2h4JlgkZO/hAOgSEDZlUsC3WEXGJH1Zfq/32bSuOdi1dfPBhAmxVHn/g6074BnhwLKa2KWl4fq1Y+9D3+fPnd4srdObLRvalfv7u3bsHqlkHNpGPz7BYe/v27QPZSyeI4wPyZZWMgnwaMBo1OqYDfbn7SC7n0Q4AEmg357syr53vpd3h/PXTlxXOiwDjAXJhPIzIN7cK6XqFKuaRHm8dkbdW8mGyjLZLvswfz549u/dxBGTBKu8AnYCppxfWan9PX9J72PTK0O9g9s033xwWNGIZ5ZF5+vTpPVwljSh3jWPsYzGF37MAa+mLHujMrrb1OUR2xywoIjFTL3VmP7m0TeJ4j3xxZAgxkiJpp+x8AaI14DWM/LiDBgR+Bo4j+WZi5vyYCch6K74OAkW+l8OZsXGM7/fGIulbIV/R1HYnYOYnJlXnDgmW8zypmvfYyFdsRp8DVIZY0gGHHpnhG2shX3XvfUbQfHQekW+2dVaf9Z47bpIvDvvy5ct7pJjJl3OMICa4Go8KkgeBS54xr3dM25lgLU+ex7n9Xn2VflsEinwvhz/j4RjyZZKNC2o0k5CpK4a17/y0XfJFd+xDbxYSLPiZKzLxIif5Os8gGz8niMza7Y99lY+XkG8k3Hgc68I34jeBzZM0PL92PCPL1u5WHVt5s/ose+5YHO/tfHnI6ocffnhAvgxcHZbL0e6EHQg4tcFBrXwvxvGRNVBXnAg4lnDjcZGviK07pt8rXAYBxsNS8nUh7NjK4zPXs3by0fZIvplUe+Sbe4PJF3vj/eG1259tiOcz8hUn7c3kK+k6Z+MbEWdJI7Z5zeMRWeLn3P/tPXSl7fSv9hHHe8jXskUc75EvjdMBkGu85xuJEiPolM8///zBapqBgUEO9JYxls+DnjKxHMeSL7F5Rb4tVNeXhh9UuAwCjIU8flotOdYcR1kmEzP5aycfbZcUsIHLzhKKk+xSAuYSbJRdu/25D+P5jHzJj7Zm8o11iWskM0kjyl3zuEe+x/a5Omc8TL90LI5d8gV8ArE7XZWiA72MRQcyEbBrNk25HLvqpnwMnMfVSDz2L0+0Q0CfeNk71lPH60GgyPdyfSEBMen0wox4LcfYi+Nx7eSj7ZKv84/n2EUahByfYtbeHO+JfLE17/wYp63L7+CUsZE0MobXOm+R76nEq334U+sWxSVtEsejyNcBTYe58sbR4+BFaUlWEvVeTNxBZ+Oom/8PU9YBRZo78bgYKPLN6K3vvMj3cn0iATE+DIxB0g2cO0ZNYyy9fv3a07txGsttkXy5Pxnv3TJJYzuEDIH0JljwoKy7ZoBZu/13ndc4iHabPbKfedaHkFq+ke/7ShrWfe24Rb7YZ19nfUa2U1d++jmXv9S5OC4m32+//fawQsKRJWGO86BXYWWYhGc7YmXjJCABf/HFF/cmldr5ivC64yLf8/cPY80FrTETj3/zI5/ARMpCVxljF8GeE1tGbddKPkykUW+OnXRznjs55hXIBRvZ3Ui2sZ54WRUM1mq//dOKsR+9o11g41yp/blsJF9kIaNYR34RhaSR67n0ecs+7tWykGSBEHXmmLxsO33Pk9DKwknxb0eXtiHWL45d8kVZFETZFnk6wN3N0pEaRmx6bLR3jHNQPgcGz29/+9sDkOYJKnGF9SKAD1TYHgJbJJ9zorx3+0dYShojmcqbIyCOD8h3XrQkCoE5AkW+c4zWKLF38tm7/SOflDRGMpU3R0Aci3znWJXECQgU+Z4A2gqK7J189m7/yAUljZFM5c0REMcD+TJR1q8wKB8oHygfKB8oH7i8D7x//x7OrXtz87VKSRyLQPnVsYitQ37vO7+92z/yQndsI5nKmyMgjkW+c6xK4gQEinxPAG0FRfZOPnu3f+SCksZIpvLmCIhjke8cq5I4AYEi3xNAW0GRvZPP3u0fuaCkMZKpvDkC4riIfPlbUf76SW7C/+oy6S79tf7ClOut820iUOS7zX7bO/ns3f6R10oaI5nKmyMgjmcn39b/dVvqQOjxk4ItmUrbLgJFvtvsu72Tz97tH3mtpDGSqbw5AuJ4dvL97rvvDm+eGe1+efvKmzdvinzn/bRZiSLfy3UdC9z8Zqpeaz1Z0ukjxiJXrQxrJx/tOcf7eHlzEvXFsHb7o675GFuwqYcNefFVmrk8577pyreHRRlJI6bd8pjPBI7sVTfk6Nf8NjPzrx2L4z3yPeXSsYPXstmZe2+kqp3vtbv8uu0V+Z4fb8dYizRzaz1ZxiO3exy3vNI1vtZ1reSDPbwqUtv9kALzSOsVgy3yiBjxbl9szXJrtT/qno972ES5nr1ZBix5TzY+ARaQtWQuacQytzjWXvQbfRIQX+czg/iMP3z/Vq+VFCtxbJJvJtDePV/kHMQO9ly2yFfI9xXj7BXOi4CvYWVidNz1WujJkj7aNa+VfNylarvkm+13YkZO0sgyzGfPnj07fDb1MZDvDBvt/eabb+4+pNDC5OnTp90PVCAvaeSy1z53B08f+2GIJTqAA+93jguKJeXOLSOOFyFfQHGl0YoZ/ABR93zP3a3rqa/I93J9IQFBNLMQZVkI58+D5vJrJV/11J4e+bL4n31OkMmbetw8xLrWbr84tGJ2t3kxgVy0t0dWLdy4XBuxlDRabd8iDXt79rT02QX5RsPd+f70008f+DKSochXJB5nXOR7uX6VgI4lX8fcq1ev7hbHeQe9dvLR9kiYEWmIhsV9b9cbCTceW8fa7VfPVtwiX2yUoOJxLt8qi79whcDvIm+dfF1MrPqyc2u32ktz8M4uO0O+yDJ4CE4EkHOFx4dAke/l+lQCOoV8+dqYl50ds56j8drJR9tb5Mucki+dxl7AXogIEiI8dvLVXh+y2jP5wjPc/13DQ1cuYi5y2Tk6vDtfYpzh66+/PsRFvhGlx3dc5Hu5PpWAGE+zEGVbY44JOf7ffsvkO9v1sruLu+LHTr4te90FZ795zDtfFyGx77P91zxvkm9PAQbt0pdscEmLwdzbKZPO6ptL0HXPt4f49tOLfC/Xh5FQZ61EWRbA+Z7vYyFfbOP+pLu8Fi6Qc2teYj7iCV/C2hcfLbtMywSKvdiTbY72WhY/iPd3Sc/1SRqWuXWMfr3FhLqtjXjRSxzv7XxVOMfHkC+duCS0VuFLypXMNhAo8r1cP0VCtRVW9aTnEGWZiLj1Ey8zcxzP104+2pMvO/fSISDyWveAH/vON/sC9kayiti4ePGyrKQVsZM0cr23Om+Rb7QJvTjH57O/3Epn2hXHs5NvXmWNzuPlrluCUW2fH4Ei3/NjCknm8cTE8ssvvzRJtSXLy23Y+ZhHeSZaw1rJl0lUnY2dVCWOSBTYI4GA22MmX7DJO1yxsV+JI/m2sCE/1vPll1/ew03SiHXe4rhlL//3xQ9YXNjfbPD4a5H+Yjz6b/A17BHHs5MvHbgk1M53CUrblcHRK2wPgbWS77WQ3Lv9I5wljZFM5c0REMdF5DuvriQKgfsIFPnex2MrZ3snn73bP/JTSWMkU3lzBMSxyHeOVUmcgECR7wmgraDI3sln7/aPXFDSGMlU3hwBcSzynWNVEicgUOR7AmgrKLJ38tm7/SMXlDRGMpU3R0AcD+TLRFm/wqB8oHygfKB8oHzg8j7w/v17OLcejJmvVUriWATKr45FbB3ye9/57d3+kRe6YxvJVN4cAXEs8p1jVRInIFDkewJoKyiyd/LZu/0jF5Q0RjKVN0dAHIt851iVxAkIFPmeANoKiuydfPZu/8gFJY2RTOXNERDHB+TLH9WZOJf+/F/vseWsP75dZ652SWwFgSLfrfTUfT33Tj57t/++N9w/kzTup9bZsQiIY5N8MyG2XojBG1J4i4rk21KAeiBlAnL5bTqtMpX2OBAo8t1mP+6dfPZu/8hrJY2RTOXNERDHIt85ViVxAgJFvieAtqAIr9DjtaxLF7IseumLLN9L3yr5sEH45JNP7l4tOIJyJLtV++lPdPfdzCP7yUOe1zTm1276qk78Jb8PWdKY1X3NfGzgYxrZjmvqcGxb4nhW8mWny0Bf+qt3Ox/bbduRL/I9f19xFYn3MkMe3uZhEm2FTNLI8+ulW8fWyMd3FDOX8NF3JuPWV3uwb4ns1uyXLOOcKxb2aYzFAPlMsHyogAUMX3jCV8AiEpukEeu75TH6omPvXc2Mk0292xnQT73sHC8z58vSTBJx9Q0w9UnBW7ruZdsu8j0vvoyX/FlPxmocU7FFxmIex+T30i27NfJhXsmfwoOAwSbvhpbIbs1++80YP4FAe59WdKeo77i7pdzTp0/vPq1IfZBbJOg1kS/6Pnv27MM333xz70tN4tCKXXgsvTrQquMcaeLY3PnGVdTsOK68M/m+ePHisEpH4SLfc3Tbduoo8j1vXzF+8pWiVhqtshvK3+0dpUdNt0Y+ziuSCLZk0tC+JbJbs1/bjGfkq1zGCGzyIub777+/lyZpWMctYxdY6B0/kzjSSXvevXs3Ert4njg2ybe1Ys4a5Z0t+ZF8cYK4s9XxKUfI+bn+Ot82AkW+5+0/dyqOH2rvjSHTX716dXcLiB0MnxNkTOb0WOfWyKdFGplY7IklsluzX9uMWzaaF+OMUT5HFj9id8nlfIKkEeu5xTEkKuFir8czXSBsOCpfEZmVO3e+OJ5Mvi2FIvlyzM9AR7ITdqA7QbBKr/D4ECjyPW+fHku+3Pd0/DHmIF8uW7fSlUPjrZEPtjH55it08XKpPbFEdmv2axux93+XXFbNZJvPqW+N5Gsfei86EnHEIh9jS76snmWudX5R8mWiyJfIcAzS4iDJMtcyvtq5PAJFvufF+FjyjVed0IQdAn2SxxzpMW3L5CPiEAkLiiU7nCy7VfslpWPsjguUrZBv7q+l5LuWXS8+ejbypbNdORO/fPnywYMhDooY1843ovH4jot8z9unmSSpvUXIpLfu+Uq+Pi2tdrnerZKP9hB7P3AJ+WbZLdp/LPGCUSZb/CDf880ykkbE+trH9Bd9FDdxHPeecEc/xsOTJ0/uPbl9bb1je+L40ZedIVwmAUI8jo21jot8W6g8nrQi3/P2pVeOHGtMuOxcPI9jzzzSDBx/8cUXhzI5PZ5vkXy0kRjCYCfvfcpMriNZ8rZoPzbGXWy0sWd/Jlb8C/L1krWEjn+5iJE0Yv23Ps4735a92Lr0vvA17BHHB+TLCoiOBPxZcEKgDIFBnFcko/N4uWvWVuVvC4Ei3/P3F+MsjidJs0W2LG7ZDSjvmO6lq+3WyAd7+GuNdkbilUDACQIZyT4W+8WB/mZ+hnS0Hxshp7xzlLjxr5j35Zdf3hEvZSUNsVpDHMk39zf6gQG7XhcVa9BZHB+Qr4RqJ85iJwCM4tiV+MxIBkK+LzUrU/nbQQC/qbA9BLZGvudGeO/2j/CUNEYylTdHQBwfkO+8aEkUAnMEinznGK1RYu/ks3f7Rz4paYxkKm+OgDgW+c6xKokTECjyPQG0FRTZO/ns3f6RC0oaI5nKmyMgjkW+c6xK4gQEinxPAG0FRfZOPnu3f+SCksZIpvLmCIjjgXyZKOtXGJQPlA+UD5QPlA9c3gfev38P59aDMfO1Skkci0D51bGIrUN+7zu/vds/8kJ3bCOZypsjII5FvnOsSuIEBIp8TwBtBUX2Tj57t3/kgpLGSKby5giIY5HvHKuSOAGBIt8TQFtBkb2Tz97tH7mgpDGSqbw5AuLYJF/+bB3/vzuvri/hiwHya+36JX7N4b/A+Rumv+bW0ZoRKPJdc+/0dds7+ezd/r5nrPMlGyN915p3cfKFOCFcSdyXd3i+BJgi3yUorVOmyHed/TLTau/ks3f7R/4haYxkKm+OgDgetfN1F8vE6i/vaCFX82Yx9Y1Cke8InXXn0fcVzo+Ai1hfF7mkBcbkbKxZz17IBzzAxfcWb91+/IJ3M/uqSO1pxdhOP+fXR7ZkY5qkEdOuecyrJHk9Zu4zeIJXjC61p1fPtWwRx3vkS6e0CFOCJT8OejqcV0RivKRLPAu+i5a2Yn25HPXWKygzKts4L/I9fz/x6lbHIsdgzJgcBeUYZ2/evLn3vmfHehyDWyNfJ15tMcamP/7xjw+g8f2/yLVktmY/BvLhAMjnxx9/PLzeFxv43m0OEjRzNB+egKx9F/YSHCWNXO+lz+0z7Hr+/Pldv5qODe/evTsQMzi8ffu2qZLyuZ6m8AUTxfEe+dpeJNlIsDEd2ZhnWTqRCcJB0IvjpOEE0ZPtpVOuwjoRoM8qnA8BxlV+/gH/j8SZW6MMi9dXr1415ZiMKB/H0RbJJ9rtBItNeYeEHDsn5h6xywS9Nfvp4/yR+PzFoohPPG6VNb+Fo6ShzLVi+ozFBH0Wv07EDpYFBMRrQHbU9616LHutWByb5Ktj0gEQLAYTLyXf0W7VAR/Jt2c0Mq70ezKVvk4EinzP2y+MhfwVsFZabJUdDmMZuRZJt8pvjXyivRxjExOynxTM+Z73CGpr9rfsbaVpd4xH5CuxRRwljVjHNY/zpwHRMZIxumSZln5LZFrlzpUmjl3y9fLxMeTLQO/tUnP6ElK1PuIK20KgyPe8/cUYyATqzpYxmgMTsPLxOMoxxh3npm+NfNTbmJ0PNrV2vcoQPxbybdmBXzx79my4AEGGS7S9T+21cJQ0Io7XPM6k6QIh7nyzTEu/JTKtcudKE8cm+cZBeQz5tpQ7Zqcby9MuK/2vv/76w4sXLxZ9XziWr+PbIlDke178jyHfPOZa5Mvkmy9jo/GWyReb8iXYXi+0SGuL9rfsGJGvpOtmiAVavvTew1HS6GF66fRMmvg5O198VnuI433hlk65npbMJdPE8QH5OnDdbS4lXwg7ArD02NV5NjZONtStPlmuzteJAP1f4XwIxPFgrUySrVs8yDJmDC3yjQts5Yi3TL6t3Vq0LR63SGuL9rfsGJFvxIC5nUv0effbw1HSiHVc83gJaSKDb4+ufCyp55J2ieMD8qXj4oo4DvA8iOk8Bj8yvSCZU3ZpQDbe38o6La2n5G6HQJHvebHPY4LaW4RMOpNPa/HrrR6vKrXG5FbJVyJpPeXb6okWaSG3Nfvpw3yPu2dbC4dMtBHHTGCSRquea6QtIU3sYVxk3aN+S+qJ8uc+FscH5JsH9DHkiyO0Bn0vrTX4ad9JIhqNHqS3ykS5Ol4HAkW+5+0HCZPxQXBR6zmE63FumTETrzAhF8+j/NbIR921KV9C7U3GPYLamv2SpbtXL8WCBwQU7WcOff36tZAdNk35vm8PFwpJGncVXPlgRprkx6efo+1R1Vk9UfYSx+J4j3xbO8w4cDnORNoiyqgwzjHbHSMvufYmhSgTd8WxrTpeDwJFvufvizz+IFyCROx5bjmO4UziWXZr5IP+EpCEo00SEbi4E2JCznMYc46kvUX76V/01i5fNpHtFyfliJWNOErk4mgsaXh+rZg+i/ahN/d1WUiweNAeeMGHr7Lt6Nqrx76/lj3ieI98XT07mDWKziXEQcz5iFgZCJbvTQoaS/6MxJUltu5ZvbFMHV8XAfq+wvYQ2CL5nBPlvds/wlLSGMlU3hwBcbxHvvNiJVEILEOgyHcZTmuT2jv57N3+kT9KGiOZypsjII5FvnOsSuIEBIp8TwBtBUX2Tj57t3/kgpLGSKby5giIY5HvHKuSOAGBIt8TQFtBkb2Tz97tH7mgpDGSqbw5AuJ4IF8myvoVBuUD5QPlA+UD5QOX94H379/DufVgzHytUhLHIlB+dSxi65Df+85v7/aPvNAd20im8uYIiGOR7xyrkjgBgSLfE0BbQZG9k8/e7R+5oKQxkqm8OQLiWOQ7x6okTkCgyPcE0FZQZO/ks3f7Ry4oaYxkKm+OgDjeI9/Z/3ZHL8DoNdl6cUdP1nT/x8sE3moz/t/Yl3Mgu/R3zH+K1ani4xAo8j0Or7VI75189m7/yA8ljZFM5c0REMd75PvLL798+Oqrrw4kBsFFEuwRW4scY/NLyJe2Yv2tOn0BCHVH8o1tcZwXELTfevl8Llfn50WgyPe8eF6rtr2Tz97tH/mZpDGSqbw5AuJ4j3wtJrlBxF988cXhk36QmOm8Aet3v/vd4XN/LaK0HuIl5BvlYxsxvcg3orH+4yLfy/QRi0teozcbd7F1xg7jaknYC/mAB7j42kmx2ar9+AXvNcYvZq9LxHbs7L1GUixyLGnk9Guc8+3ens5wDK+ZXGL7qJ5r2EEb4tgkX5Vg54uDQrZ8U5dv67KL5EcH8ptNAsfuPHt19sjXyYhyhNnO99jFgFhUfBwCRb7H4bVEmvHoLROvSun3vfLKMU7fvHlzKB+vMnEcx/DWyMeJt2VTi4R85692Z5mt2U+/86EAyOfHH388XK3EhtbXnSToiBULuT/84Q+HOZ5v47by9C1Jw/NrxOj85MmTB3r5Dmfe1+w7nRkL2p4XVbN6rmGLbYjjPfKVbBXinJ0vgzN2isf/9E//dDdwHeTmLY3ZXffqtw5A7ZEvuka9Z+SLbJxstLXi8yJA31U4HwKtRePMl134vnr1qunzvsOdegxbJB91J5ZcsSlPwOQzWTOfiN3WyZc+fvr06YF4xQEyZo7Ltplv7MIFohY3jlu4UUbSsPwt4qgzc/2zZ8/u2U7/tq5oZF2p59NPPz0sUnr25jLnOhfHe+TLyphVBD8Mw0ExhMA56ex6f/rpp0MaTjwjMmRcrc+UdzJo1TkiX4D0G8Qj8rX+ONnMdKr80xAo8j0Nt14pxpHjUplWmnnEjpneOG2V3zr5YlP+vm3ExOMeQW3N/pa9rTTtjnEksq2SL7tiL59rg+fR1ny8OvJFQQmKDpR8JTcuO7sbZWAj0yLKaCh1UGYJ4VEfsq06nUioO7erzrQxIl/tIK5wWQSKfM+LL76dxwV+3HuYMI6ReBy1Ykzxi2Fr5BN153jpzuexkG/LDvyCHSGXk0cBv3ChInE5v7Nh4jJ2DO7YYtq1j7lnG7/Z6z1cNl/oHD+RONIt1zOSPXeeON7b+eZGGPDcB2CA06FxEC954MrdMqTNPWM6uBck0M8///yO4GnPMCJfZJyc2JWrL+lxgkImTzbWX/F5ESjyPS+e+nccQ9G3Y2uOJcdPHLfKUdarRaYRb5l8sSlfgo22xeMWaW3R/pYd4DAjX+ZmSKy3S6RefCFehpY0Io7XPEbnuNOlbXwdjkJX5pwl5Nuq55p2iOMD8kWxSF5RqWPJK04YkTxjnR4r+9133x1W+D4cQjohlh9NJj/88MM9/Z2giLls54RkuxVfBoEi3/Pi6vhYQr7IxkVma7yQH2XUdsvku3TXi60t0iJ9a/a37JiRr4RF/4/ud2Y8JQ195ZpxS2dJ1AVCSybruEQmlzn3uTg+IF8HKjtIyMrLEKO4NYipJ96jwiFaK20MQ9b7wrYPSHEhQBsScZQRGOS5LMfDJXHxIPmSHvWxXMWXQaDI97y45vFE7S1CJp2x0hqvjjHGVW8hujXyEWVsYifHRLwktEiLcluzH7/w0rF292wj/xjyWQv59nTm0jG73vhg2ehycq8ecbtW3CXfSHJRGckTAm2RbZRlUnCgx3TqIB2HiYH6TCPO97aQjXr1ZJCLhM255Et6heshUOR7XqwlTBegLjY9j+Mjt5zHS4+0Kbc18tFWbYoTMXkQCHl5h9cjqK3Z76LDy8cSjDZn+zlnfs04iaMx8yZ/X3JXSbqkocy14p7OEK1/sVIX+lVCPtV267pULI73dr4OcImQxjlmIo27RjqWtEzCkmuLPDVEmVifebY3Kj+TwYbWzpf0CtdDoMj3/Fg7FsE2jj+JOI9HNYjk6xhnDLfC1sgHG7CJ3Z+Eo10SEbhIvkzI4mccyWiL9tO/6K093vfM9kuoyhlj/+vXrw9EZhqxhC6ekobn14h7Oj9//vywgKA/o+1s7t6+fftgh089/LUo2sex9VzDFtsQx3vkSydKipJkawdrJTg1BhDzG8laxrhH4HGiUJbYSUPwKO+kY9ox8YzgY9t1fDwC9EWF7SGwRfI5J8p7t3+EpaQxkqm8OQLieI9858VKohBYhkCR7zKc1ia1d/LZu/0jf5Q0RjKVN0dAHIt851iVxAkIFPmeANoKiuydfPZu/8gFJY2RTOXNERDHIt85ViVxAgJFvieAtoIieyefvds/ckFJYyRTeXMExPFAvkyU9SsMygfKB8oHygfKBy7vA+/fv/9QT8XMFyolUQgUAoVAIVAInBWB/wMqNaIga/v8pAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
再粗略看了一下:主要国家的粮食总产量概数。
美国粮食总产量在5亿吨左右,印度粮食总产量不到4亿吨,而俄罗斯粮食总产量不到1.5亿吨。
我们下意识地想去用总产量除以耕地面积比单产。
但是:简单地比较各国的单产是没有意义的。
首先种植结构不一样,亩产1000多斤稻谷,和亩产300斤大豆差别太大,不考虑权重去笼统比单产肯定没有意义。进一步说,不分种植类型,笼统讲各国粮食总产量也很不科学。
其次,像美国这样的国家,人均耕地那么多,所以经常轮作,有计划分年度抛荒一些耕地。主体为一年一熟的种植方式。而且会有意识控制化肥使用量,不要伤害土壤。所以亩产低一些也很正常。但是投入产出效益高,产出可持续。而中国历来是榨取土地的,过度使用化肥,种植方式一年两熟的占比非常高。
(顺便介绍一下, 加拿大虽然国土面积很大,但是因为北方地区太冷,实际上加拿大仅有6800万公顷适合农业耕种,约占国土面积7%。目前实际耕种约4700万公顷。
相对于人口而言,加拿大农业产量还是非常惊人的,特别是小麦和油菜籽产量。加拿大每年生产的小麦十年前徘徊在2700万吨水平,目前已经攀升至3400万吨水平,大概为中国小麦产量的7分之一,但是人口只有中国的37分之一.加拿大油菜籽产量大概1800万吨左右,出口量全球第一。大豆年产量约700万吨左右。)
关于中国粮食安全。
查看了中国粮食进出口数据,主粮,谷物的进出口实际上非常少。
2019年 谷物进口1791.8万吨,同比减12.6%。出口323.6万吨,增26.8%;净进口1468.2万吨,减18.2%。 占6.6吨的总产量2%,的确不高。
(其中 小麦:进口348.8万吨,
玉米:进口479.3万吨,
大米:进口254.6万吨,
大麦:进口592.9万吨,
高粱:进口83.2万吨,
木薯(主要是干木薯)进口283.8万吨。 )
但是 食用油籽、食用植物油进口量就非常惊人。
食用油籽:进口9330.8万吨。其中,大豆进口8851万吨;油菜籽进口274万吨。
食用植物油:进口1152.7万吨,同比增42.5%。
其中,棕榈油进口755.2万吨,增41.8%;菜油进口161.5万吨,增24.6%;葵花油和红花油进口122.9万吨,增74.8%;豆油进口82.6万吨,增50.3%。
也许用对外依赖度(净进口量除以消费量)和全球占比(净进口量占全球生产量)更有说服力。
这里需要特别介绍一下大豆。因为大豆的对外依赖度达到80%(净进口量约0.89亿吨,除以中国消费量1.1亿吨。)全球消费占比32%(1.1亿吨/3.37亿吨)
2019年大豆行业简要介绍
大豆含有丰富植物蛋白质,是植物油和植物蛋白的重要来源,常用来做各种豆制品、榨取豆油、酿造酱油和提取蛋白质,榨取豆油之后的豆粕用来养猪。
1)生产:根据USDA统计,2019年全球大豆产量为3.37亿吨。近年来受非洲猪瘟和中美贸易战影响,大豆需求受到抑制(过去十年的增量因素主要来自中国)。因为库存因素,全球2019年大豆产量也有所减小。
巴西、美国和阿根廷是全球大豆主产区,占比高达八成
目前巴西、美国和阿根廷是全球大豆供应的主要来源国,全球超过八成的大豆产自这三个国家,占比分别达到37%,29%,15%。美国和巴西竞争,不出口会形成严重过剩,(美国既不需要那么多豆油,又不爱吃豆腐,喝豆浆,也不需要那么多豆粕养猪,年产上亿吨大豆真是消化不了。所以川普一直喜欢逼中国进口美国大豆。)
中国2019年全国大豆产量仅0.18亿吨,仅占全球产量的5%.
![](/upload/album/19/de/7c/ddcb38940189No8bIjlt.png)
2)消费:中国是世界大豆消费第一大国
根据USDA统计,2019年全球大豆消费量为3.5亿吨,同比增长2.7%;
中国2019年的大豆消费量为1.1亿吨,占全球大豆消费量的32%。
大豆是优质的植物蛋白资源,也是健康的食用植物油资源。2010年中国的大豆消费量为0.55亿吨,十年时光随着中国老百姓生活水平的提高,对于大豆的需求飞速增长。
3)中国成为全球第一大豆进口国
近年来,全球的大豆进出口量不断上升,根据USDA统计,2019年全球进口大豆数量为1.623亿吨,生产和消费国别之间很不均衡。而中国是第一大进口国。
如前述,
中国2019年全国大豆产量仅0.18亿吨,仅占全球产量的5%。
中国2019年的大豆消费量为1.1亿吨,占全球大豆消费量的32%。
供需差只能靠进口来填补。2019年进口量约0.89亿吨,大豆的对外依赖度达到80%。供需矛盾十分突出。
![](/upload/album/19/de/7c/ddcb38949055UkXtTbLr.jpeg)
2019年中国大豆播种面积为933万公顷(合1.4亿亩,亩产才130公斤),中国不仅播种面积小,而且亩产太低。这里又土壤,气候的原因,也有种子等技术方面的原因。
从资源禀赋和比较优势出发,中国只能选择保口粮,而进口大量的大豆。
理论上如果中国现有的消费量全部自给的话,需要的耕地是0.89亿吨/亩产130公斤,接近7亿亩。前面已经介绍,中国粮食总的种植面积才17亿亩。那要占去现有的40%的耕种面积。这完全是无法想象的。看上去中国主粮稻谷,小麦,玉米基本自给,粮食问题不尖锐,但是把土豆因素考虑进去,中国的粮食安全是有压力的。
所以,所谓的完全内循环是不存在的。(下面几讲我们还会谈到石油,铁矿石,钾肥,锂矿........)
中国人均就那么多耕地,如果不进口,要么靠价格飞涨抑制需求,要么就是重回计划经济,粮票,油票,猪肉票必须要出台一个。当然,内循环也只是说说而已,国际贸易,互通有无,调剂余缺,各自发挥资源禀赋优势和比较优势,是互利互惠的好事,不是少数人,某个病毒能够完全阻挡的。
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(可能有不少博友会质疑统计数据,在我看来,虽然中国统计局的数据肯定不完全准确。但是作为一个数据系统,官方统计数据已经相对比较完整,规范了,如果你连这个都完全不相信,当然也就失去了讨论的基础。大家路过忽略就好,不必较真。
实际上,如果我们不采信中国官方数据,我们很难找到有如此全面如此大体量的更准确的数据了,最终只会陷入一笔糊涂账,凭主观感受吵架,或者只能凭借少数有限数据,比如联合国,世界行业协会,那样的说服力也会很有限的。我们一方面要考虑数据的质量,另一方面还需要注重数据的丰富度和易得性。我们还是原则上还是先相信官方统计数据的总体质量,而且其中很多数据和国际上信度更高的数据相联系比较后,就可以一定程度的印证了。)
给自己开的题比较大,当然不是作业,也不求深入,先从统计局的统计公报数据为基础,想到哪里写到哪里。(或者说学习笔记写到哪里吧!)
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