《莎士比亚的诗歌纪念碑》(唐山出版社,2016年) 傅正明译 Part II Selected Poems by the Possible Authors of Shakespeare’s Works 卷二 “莎士比亚背后的写手”诗歌选译 Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550-1604),English poet 爱德华·德维尔,十七世牛津伯爵(1550-1604),英国诗人 爱德华·德维尔,十七世牛津伯爵最可能为莎士比亚全部著作的真实作者。在英国文学史上,同时代的人把德维尔称为多才多艺的抒情诗人、宫廷诗人和剧作家。德维尔有诗歌刊行传世,但没有留下他署名的剧作。据说他性格高傲,于十六世纪80年代失去伊丽莎白女王的宠爱,被逐出宫廷,因此有可能广泛接触了英国社会,同时游历过意大利等欧洲各国。英国学者托马斯·卢尼(Thomas Looney)于1922年出版《莎士比亚鉴定》(Shakespeare identified in Edward De Vere, the seventeenth earl of Oxford)一书力求从德维尔的生平与莎剧场景的平行研究中寻找旁证,由此形成莎翁著作权怀疑派中最重要的一派,即牛津派(Oxfordian theory)。 055 The Meeting With Desire The lively lark stretched forth her wing The messenger of Morning bright; And with her cheerful voice did sing The Day’s approach, discharging Night; When that Aurora blushing red, Descried the guilt of Thetis’ bed. 055 与“欲望”邂逅对谈(浣溪沙四阕)① 云雀冲天鼓翼飞, 晨光信使过山隗, 鸣禽喜乐唱朝晖。 白日蒸蒸玄夜撤, 曙神隐隐红霞催,② 海仙床第犯清规。③ I went abroad to take the air, And in the meads I met a knight, Clad in carnation colour fair; I did salute this gentle wight: Of him I did his name inquire, He sighed and said it was Desire. 我欲遨游沐晓晖, 草原邂逅一轻骑, 麝香石竹作戎衣。 我问名门尊姓氏? 他言寒舍小宗祠, 俗名“欲望”叹穷时。 Desire I did desire to stay; And while with him I craved talk, The courteous knight said me no nay, But hand in hand with me did walk; Then of Desire I ask’d again, What things did please and what did pain. 久仰大名邂逅时, 但求片刻说心思, 谦谦骑士不推辞。 两手相牵谈世故, 一声咨询问佳期, 不知何事是欢悲? He smiled and thus he answered than [then]: Desire can have no greater pain, Than for to see another man, The things desired to attain; Nor greater joy can be than this: That to enjoy that others miss. “欲望”嫣然笑语喧: 我之烦恼大无边: 怕人遂愿在头前。 你得艳情添我苦, 他丢财宝令人甜, 深深欲壑实难填! ———————— ① 德维尔的诗歌,主要见于伊丽莎白时代的著名诗集《精美技艺的乐园》(Paradise of Dainty Devices,edited by Hyder Edward, 1576)。 ② 曙神,指奥罗拉,罗马神话中的曙光女神,相当于希腊神话中的厄俄斯(Eos)。每天早晨奥罗拉飞向天空用她晨雾般的手掀开东边天门,引领太阳神的车驾进来,向大地宣布黎明降临。 ③ 海仙,指海洋女神之首忒提斯,她与希腊英雄珀琉斯(Peleus)举行婚礼后生下阿基利斯,是这场战争爆发前的重大事件之一。 |