早期作品1590~1600年的 伊丽莎白一世的中央主权尚属巩固,王室跟工商业者及新贵族的暂时联盟尚在发展。1588年打败西班牙“ 无敌舰队”后英国国势大振。这使作者对生活充满 乐观主义情绪,相信 人文主义思想可以实现。这时期所写的历史剧和喜剧都表现出明朗、乐观的风格。 [2] 时间 | 剧种 | 中文名 | 原名(英文) | 1590 | 历史剧 | | The Second and the Third Part of King Henry Ⅵ | 1591 | 历史剧 | 亨利六世上篇修订 | The First part of King Henry Ⅵ | 1592 | 历史剧 | | The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ | 喜剧 | | The Comedy of Errors | 1593 | 悲剧 | 泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯 | Titus Andronicus | 喜剧 | | The Taming of the Shrew | 诗歌 | 维纳斯和阿多尼斯 | Venus and Adonis | 1594 | 喜剧 | | The Two Gentlemen of Verona | 喜剧 | | Love's labour's lost | 正剧* | | Romeo and Juliet | 诗歌 | 鲁克丽丝失贞记 | The Rape of Lucrece | 1595 | 历史剧 | | The life and death of King Richard Ⅱ | 喜剧* | | A midsummer night's dream | 1596 | 历史剧 | | The life and death of King John | 喜剧* | | The merchant of Venice | 诗歌 | 爱人的怨诉 | A Lover's Complaint | 1597 | 历史剧 | | King Henry Ⅳ | 1598 | 喜剧 | | Much ado about nothing | 喜剧 | | The merry wives of Windsor | 历史剧 | | The life of King Henry Ⅴ | 1599 | 悲剧 | | the life and death of Julius Caesar | 喜剧* | 皆大欢喜 | As you like it | 诗歌 | 热情的朝圣者 | The Passionate Pilgrim | 1600 | 喜剧* | | Twelfth night,or,What You Will 中期作品 1601~1607年英国农村的“ 圈地运动”加速进行,王权和资产阶级及 新贵族的暂时联盟正在瓦解,社会矛盾深化,政治经济形势日益恶化。 詹姆士一世继位后的挥霍无度和倒行逆施,更使人民痛苦加剧,反抗迭起。在此情况下,莎士比亚深感 人文主义理想与现实的矛盾越来越加剧,创作风格也从明快乐观变为阴郁悲愤,其所写的悲剧也不是重在歌颂人文主义理想,而是重在揭露批判社会的种种罪恶和黑暗。 [2] 时间 | 剧种 | 中文名 | 原名(英文) | 1601 | 悲剧* | | Hamlet,Prince of Denmark | 1602 | 悲剧 | | Troilus and Cressida | 1604 | 喜剧 | | All's well that ends well | 喜剧 | | Measure for measure | 诗歌 | 十四行诗 | The Sonnets | 1605 | 悲剧* | | Othello,the Moore of Venice | 悲剧* | | King Lear | 悲剧* | | The tragedy of Macbeth | 1607 | 悲剧 | | Antony and Cleopatra | 1607 | 悲剧 | | The tragedy of Coriolanus | 悲剧 | | Timons of Athens | 1608 | 喜剧 | 泰尔亲王佩里克里斯 | Pericles,Prince of Tyre | 晚期作品 1608~1612年 詹姆士一世王朝更加腐败,社会矛盾更加尖锐。莎士比亚深感人文主义理想的破灭,乃退居故乡写浪漫主义传奇剧。其创作风格也随之表现为浪漫空幻。 [2] 时间 | 剧种 | 中文名 | 原名(英文) | 1609 | 喜剧 | | Cymbeline,King of Britain | 1610 | 喜剧 | | The winter's tale | 1612 | 喜剧 | | The tempest | 历史剧 | | The life of King Henry Ⅷ | 注:剧种*号标注为四大悲剧/四大喜剧/正剧 Francis Thackeray and his team from South Africa's University of the Witwatersrand were loaned 24 "tobacco pipe" fragments from Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon property by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Eight tested positive for cannabis residue and two had remnants of Peruvian cocaine.2015年8月10日 2018年8月15日 - A plant by any other name would taste as sweet. You might assume Shakespeare would agree with such paraphrasing of his work after ... “Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs; Being purg'd, a fire sparkling in lovers' eyes; Being vex'd, a sea nourish'd with lovers' tears; What is it else? A madness most discreet, A choking gall, and a preserving sweet. *Here’s what love is: a smoke made out of lovers' sighs. When the smoke clears, love is a fire burning in your lover’s eyes. If you frustrate love, you get an ocean made out of lovers' tears. What else is love? It’s a wise form of madness. It’s a sweet lozenge that you choke on.*” ― William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet | |