微子篇第十八
【原文】 18·1 微子(1)去之，箕子(2)为之奴，比干(3)谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”
【注释】 (1)微子：殷纣王的同母兄长，见纣王无道，劝他不听，遂离开纣王。 (2)箕子：箕，读“基”。殷纣王的叔父。他去劝纣王，纣王不听，便披发装疯，被降为奴隶。 (3)比干：殷纣王的叔父，屡次强谏，激怒纣王而被处以挖心的酷刑。
【白话】 微子离开纣王，箕子被降为奴隶，比干因苦谏被杀。孔子说：“他们殷朝的三位仁人啊！”
【英译】 Because of the same crime of admonition, Wei Ztu left the lord Zhou, Ji Ztu was degraded to a slave and Bi Gan was killed. Confucius said: “There are three persons of humanity in Yin Dynasty.”
【原文】 18·2 柳下惠为士师(1)，三黜(2)。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”
【注释】 (1)士师：典狱官，掌管刑狱。 (2)黜：罢免不用。
【白话】 柳下惠当司法官，三次被罢免。有人说：“你不可以离开鲁国吗？”柳下惠说：“按正道事奉君主，到哪里还不是要被多次罢官？如果不按正道事奉君主，为什么一定要离开自己的国家呢？”
【英译】 As a judicial offer, Liu Xiahui was dismissed from his post three times. Someone asked him: “Can’t you leave the country Lu?” Liu Xiahui said: “If I serve the lord open and above-board, how can I find a good place for me to avoid being dismissed frequently? If I serve the lord by foul means, what’s the need for me to leave my motherland?”
【原文】 18·3 齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季、孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。
【白话】 齐景公讲到如何对待孔子时说：“像鲁君对待季氏那样，我做不到，我给他的待遇只能介乎季孟二氏之间。”又说：“我老了，不中用了。”孔子得知后便离开了齐国。
【英译】 Qi Jinggong said something about the way to treat Confucius: “I cannot treat him as the lord of the country Lu treated Ji. I can only treat him in a way between the ones I used to treat Ji and Meng.” He then added: “I’m too old to be useful.” Learning this, Confucius left the country Qi.
【原文】 18·4 齐人归(1)女乐(3)，季桓子(3)受之，三日不朝。孔子行。
【注释】 (1)归：同馈，赠送。 (2) 女乐：歌女。 (3)季桓子：鲁国宰相季孙斯。
【白话】 齐国人向鲁国赠送歌女给，季桓子不仅接受，而且三天不上朝。得知此事，孔子离开了。
【英译】 Someone from the country Qi presented some dancing girls to the country Lu. Ji Hengztu not only accepted them but also refused to have an audience with the sovereign ruler. Learning this, Confucius left.
【原文】 18·5 楚狂接舆(1)歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而已而！今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言。趋而辟之，不得与之言。
【注释】 (1)楚狂接舆：接舆，春秋时代楚国著名的隐士。姓陆，名通，字接舆。平时“躬耕以食”，因对当时社会不满，剪去头发，佯狂不仕，所以也被人们称为称楚狂接舆。
【白话】 楚国狂人接舆唱着歌从孔子的车旁走过，他唱道：“凤啊，凤啊，你怎么这么倒霉呢？过去的不可挽回，未来的还来得及改正。算了，算了。如今的当政者太危险啦！”孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开，孔子没能和他谈成。
【英译】 Passing by Confucius, Jie Yu, the madman of the country Chu was singing: “Phoenix, phoenix! Why are you running into bad luck like this? Whatever passed away, you cannot retrieve it. But whatever comes later, you have the time to change it. Let it go, let it go. The present rulers are too dangerous!” Getting off his wagon, Confucius wanted to speak with him. But the mad man shunned him so that Confucius failed to talk with him.
【原文】 18·6 长沮、桀溺(1)耦而耕(2)。孔子过之，使子路问津(3)焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆(4)者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之(5)？且而与其从辟(6)人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰(7)而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然(8)曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”
【注释】 (1)长沮、桀溺：两位隐士，真实姓名和身世不详。 (2)耦而耕：两个人合力耕作。 耦，读“偶”，这个字的本身就是两人并耕。 (3)问津：津，渡口。寻问渡口。本文泛指问路。现在已引申为探问情况，但多用于否定式，如无人问津、乏人问津、不敢问津等。 (4)执舆：驾车。舆，读“与”，车。 (5)之：与。 (6)辟：同“避”。 (7)耰：读“有”，用土覆盖种子。 (8)怃然：怅然，失意。
【白话】 长沮、桀溺一起耕田，孔子路过，让子路询问路。长沮说：“你在为谁驾车？”子路说：“为孔丘。”长沮问：“是鲁国孔丘吗？”子路说：“是。”长沮说：“他天生就应该知道路在哪里。”子路又去问桀溺。桀溺说：“你是谁？”子路说：“我是仲由。” 桀溺说：“是鲁国孔丘的学生吗？”子路说：“是。”桀溺说：“坏人坏事象洪水一样泛滥，谁和你们去改变？你与其跟随避人的人，哪如跟随我们这些避世的人呢？”他边说边不停地播种。子路回来告诉孔子，孔子失望地说：“人不能和鸟兽相处，我不同人打交道而同谁打交道？如果天下太平，我就用不着改革了。”
【英译】 Chang Zu and Jie Ni worked together in the fields. Passing by, Confucius let Ztu Lu ask the way. Chang Ju said: “For whom do you drive the cart?” Ztu Lu said: “For Confucius.” Chang Ju asked: “Is he the one of the country Lu?” Ztu Lu said: “Yes.” Ztu Ju said: “Then he should know innately where his way is.” Then Ztu Lu asked Jie Ni. Jie Ni asked: “Who are you?” Ztu Lu said: “I’m Zhong You.” Jie Ni said: “Are you a student of the Kong Qiu of the country Lu?” Ztu Lu said: “Yes.” Evil doers and evil deeds are spreading unchecked like overflowing food. Who are willing to work with you to reverse the tide? Isn’t it better for you to follow us who retire from the world than follow the ones who shun persons?” He talked and sowed at once without stopping. Ztu Lu came back and told Confucius what they said. Confucius said disappointedly: “Human being cannot get long with birds and animals. If I don’t get long with human being, whom I should get long with? If there is a great order across the land, what’s the need for me to carry out reforms?”
【原文】 18·7 子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧(1)。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分(2)，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍(3)而食(4)之。见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告。子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”
【注释】 (1)蓧：读“掉”，古代竹制除草农具。 (2)四体不勤，不，是语气词。四肢呀正勤快地干活。 (3)五谷不分：分，粪。 为五谷施肥忙着呢。 (3)黍：读“属”，黏米。 (4)食：读“四”，使动词，拿东西给人吃。
【白话】 子路跟随孔子出行，落在后面，遇到一位老人，用拐杖挑着农具。子路问：“您见到我的老师吗？”老人说：“我忙得手脚闲不住，正播种五谷撒粪，那顾得上谁是你的老师？”说完，就拄着拐杖忙田里的活计。子路拱手站在一边。老人很感动就留子路过夜，杀鸡煮饭给他吃，又让两个儿子跟他见面。第二天，子路告辞，赶上孔子一行，把情况向孔子说了。孔子说：“一定是隐士呀。”他让子路返回去再见老人，到了他家，他已出门了。子路说：“不做官是不对的。长幼之间的礼节，当然不可废除；可君臣之间的大义，又怎能抛弃呢？想洁身自好，却违背君臣之间的大节。君子做官，只是履行义务，至于天下太平的追求，早就知道不行。”
【译文】 Following Confucius on a tour, Ztu Lu lagged behind. He met an old man who was carrying a grass-cutting tool with his walking stick. Ztu Lu asked: “Have you ever met with my teacher?” The old man said: “I’m tied up with work, sowing grain and spreading manure. There is no time for me to know who is your teacher.” After saying that, the old man was still working in the fields. Ztu Lu was standing beside, cupping one hand in the other before his chest as an obeisance. Deeply touched, the old man invited Ztu Lu to stay overnight and entain him with chicken and let him meet his two sons. Next day, Ztu Lu said goodbye to the host and left. When catching up with Confucius, Ztu Lu told him the whole story. Confucius said: “He must be a hermit.” He let Ztu Lu go back to meet the old man again. But he was out. Ztu Lu said to his teacher: “It’s wrong not to seek official posts. The proprieties relating relationship between elder and young couldn’t be abolished. But it could not be said that the custom relating relationship between a lord and his subjects should be abandoned. It’s no good to preserve one’s purity but at the same time violate proprieties between lord and subject. The aim of a gentleman to seek official posts is only to carry out his duty. As for pursuing a great order across the land, I know it’ll get us nowhere.”
【原文】 18·8 逸民(1)：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲(2)、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与？”谓柳下惠、少连，“降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓虞仲、夷逸，“隐居放(3)言，身中清，废中权。”“我则异于是，无可无不可。”
【注释】 (1)逸民：同“佚”，散失、遗弃。逸民，隐士。 (2)虞仲、夷逸、朱张、少连：身世无考，当属没落贵族。 (3)放：豪放，随便。
【白话】 隐士：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说：“不自降理想，不自辱身份，伯夷、叔齐就是这样吧？”说柳下惠、少连是“降低志向、屈辱身份，但说话合乎伦理、行动合乎理智，他们只做到这些。”说虞仲、夷逸“隐居起来，言论自由，洁身自好，辞官引退，这都合乎情理。”最后说：“我同他们不一样，我是怎么都行。”
【英译】 Hernits: Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liu Xiahui and Shao Lian. Confucius said: “Do not self-lower ideal, do not self-humiliate status. Bo Qi and Shu Qi are among this kind of people, aren’t they?” As for Liu Xiahui and Shao Lian, Confucius said: “They lowered their ideals and humiliated their status, but they spoke according to moral principles and acted according to their senses. This is what they could only do.” As for Yu Zhong and Yi Yi, he said: “They secluded themselves from society, enjoyed freedom of speech, preserved their purity and resigned their official posts. What they did was all reasonable.” He said at last: “I’m quite different from them. I don’t care one way or another”
【原文】 18·9 大师挚(1)适齐，亚饭(2)干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔(3)入于河，播鼗(4)武入于汉，少师(5)阳、击磬襄(6)入于海。
【注释】 (1)大师挚：大同“太”。太师是鲁国乐官之长，挚是人名。 (2)亚饭、三饭、四饭：都是乐官名。大师为乐官之长，也就是乐师第一把手，亚饭、三饭、四饭不妨依次称之为二乐师，三乐师，四乐师。干、缭、缺是人名。 (3)鼓方叔：击鼓的乐师名方叔。 (4)鼗：读“桃”，小鼓。 (5)少师：乐官名，副乐师。 (6)击磬襄：击磬的乐师，名襄。
【白话】 大乐师挚去了齐国，二乐师干去了楚国，三乐师缭去了蔡国，四乐师缺去了秦国，击鼓师方叔去了黄河附近，摇鼓师武去了汉水附近，副乐师阳、击磬师襄去了海边。
【英译】 Zhi, musician No.1 went to the country Qi; Gan, musician No.2 went to Chu; Liao, musician No.3 went to Cai; Que, musician No.4 went to Qin; Fang Shu, drum-beater went to Huanghe Rive area; Wu, drum-shaker went to Hanshui River area; Yang, assistant musician and Xiang, chime-beater went to sea shore.
【原文】 18·10 周公谓鲁公(1)曰：“君子不施(2)其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以(3)。故旧无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。”
【注释】 (1)鲁公：指周公的儿子伯禽，封于鲁。 (2)施：同“弛”，怠慢、疏远。 (3)以：用。
【白话】 周公对鲁公说：“君子不疏远亲属，不使大臣因未受启用而抱怨。旧友老臣没有大的过失，就不要抛弃，不要对人求全责备。”
【英译】 The lord of the country Zhou said to the lord of the country Lu: “Gentlemen do not keep their relatives at a distance and do not let their objects complain because of being unemployed. As for old friends and objects, do not desert them so long as they don’t make serious mistakes. Just do not demand perfection.”
【原文】 18·11 周有八士(1)：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧(2)。
【注释】 (1)八士：已不可考。 (2)騧：人名，读“瓜”。 【白话】 周代有八个士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。
【英译】 There were eight gentlemen in Zhou Dynasty, namely Bo Da, Bo Shi, Bo Tu Zhong Hu, Shu Ye, Shu Xia, Ji Sui and Ji Gua. |
