收藏梭罗(00)————梭罗其人、其事、其文
文章来源: 假仙真人2016-05-24 18:01:32

收藏梭罗(00)————梭罗其人、其事、其文

(假仙真人,2016年5月19日)

小时候没啥书读。没啥书读也有没啥书读的好处。

一是读书认真,一字一句地读。弄到过一本《水浒后传》,读完后,繁体字基本上认的差不多了,一生受益。

二是爱惜书。我读过的书,还跟新的一样,不折不损,不涂不划。

养成了爱书的习惯,后来读到梭罗,看到《瓦尔登湖》,起了收藏的念头,也就不奇怪了。

梭罗何许人也?

梭罗是美国新英兰地区的一个法国后裔,那时美国的内战还没有开打。

他从哈佛大学毕业后,就没个固定的职业,只要给钱,他啥都干。他干过木匠,当过石匠,教过学,做过校长,丈量过土地,修剪过花草,造过铅笔,种过田,写过书,提倡自然主义,主张社会改革。

在这一过程中,他结交各界名流,有闹革命的约翰布朗,纽约报纸的主编格雷里,律师豪尔,女权运动先驱富勒,文学家爱默生、奥尔科特、霍桑、惠特曼、钱宁等等。

他涉猎很广,读过希腊、罗马、安格鲁撒克逊以及东方的典籍,了解世界各地的神话传说和宗教,读过西方的文学作品,以及当代的科学和政治文献。

他关注过人生意义,关注过唯物论,关注过生存环境,关注过社会,关注过个人主义,关注过精神上和实践中的问题。

他一生很短,只活到四十五岁。生前出版了两本书,身后留下了大量文稿和日记。

梭罗出版的第一本书,是《河上一周》(A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, May 1849)。这本书讲的是梭罗兄弟俩带着几个学生在河上划船游历的故事。这书没啥销路,印了1000本,最后梭罗自己抱回家了700本,堆了有一米高,以至于他在日记中自嘲到:“我现在有书房,珍藏着900册书,其中700多册是我自己写的。一个作者,在品看着自己的劳动果实,不亦乐乎?”这些书,送人的送人,卖的卖,一直到20年后才告清空;那时,梭罗已经去世五六年了。梭罗自己留下了其中的两本。一本自用,上面做了些文字修改,有1000多处;另一本留作纪念,纪念过世的弟弟,书里夹着他弟弟的一束头发。

梭罗出版的第二本书,就是《瓦尔登湖》(Walden, or Life in the Woods, Aug 1854)。书中记录了他在瓦尔登湖畔独居的两年里的生活点滴。独居瓦尔登湖畔的目的,在于思考人生真谛,这本书就是思考的结果。书中引经据典,大量使用文学修辞手法,艰涩难懂。这本书,可以说梭罗是倾注了全部心血,历时八载,七易其稿。

梭罗在世时,还发表过一些文章。其中的一篇演讲稿,“论公民不服从”(Resistance to Civil Government, 1849),后来发表在碧波迪小姐主编的杂志上。这事缘起于在瓦尔登湖畔独居期间,因拒绝交税而抓进监狱关了一晚。而就是这一事件引发的思考,促成了这篇论述公民个人与政府关系的文章。据说这篇文章影响到了后世的印度甘地和马丁路德金。

梭罗去世后,他的著述得以继续出版,主要仰仗着亲朋好友帮忙整理。这些作品主要有:

《远足》(Excursions, 1863),爱默生编辑。书中主要是梭罗的作品,夹了一篇爱默生纪念梭罗的文章。书中第一次刊印了梭罗的肖像。第一版印刷了1558本,布面封皮,全部绿色,有四种布料。

《缅因森林》(The Maine Wood, 1864),钱宁和索菲亚编辑。书中记述了梭罗三次游历缅因州的经过。第一版印刷了1450本,布面封皮,分绿紫茶黑四种颜色,有八种布料。

《科德角》(Cape Cod, 1865),钱宁和索菲亚编辑。书中记述了梭罗四次游历科德角的经过,两次独游,两次雨钱宁同游。第一版印刷了2040本,布面封皮,分绿紫茶三种颜色,五种布料。书脊上印有“瓦尔登湖的作者”或“远足的作者”的字样。

《书信杂集》(Letters to Various Persons, 1865),爱默生编辑。第一版印刷了2130本,布面封皮,分绿紫棕茶黑及墨绿六种颜色,八种布料。书脊上同样印有“瓦尔登湖的作者”或“远足的作者”的字样。

《一个洋基在加拿大》(A Yankee in Canada, with Anti-Slavery and Reform Papers),钱宁和索菲亚编辑。这本书收录了梭罗的15篇文章,其中最著名的,就是那篇“论公民不服从”和“生活无原则”。第一版印刷了1546本,布面封皮,分绿紫棕及墨绿四种颜色,五种布料。

《马萨诸塞州的早春》(Early Spring in massachusetts, 1881),亨利布雷克编辑。文字摘录自梭罗的日记,按季节分四本书出版。这是其中的第一本。第一版印刷了1018本,绿色布面封皮。

《夏天》(Summer, 1884),亨利布雷克编辑。第一版印刷了1260本,绿色布面封皮。

《冬天》(Winter, 1888),亨利布雷克编辑。第一版印刷了1550本,绿色布面封皮。

《秋天》(Autumn, 1892),亨利布雷克编辑。第一版印刷了1020本,绿色布面封皮。

《梭罗作品集》(Writings of Henry David Thoreau, 1894)。全套11卷本,其中前9卷都是以前出版过的作品,后2卷是新发表的作品。这个作品集的普通版印刷了500套,大开本印刷了158套。

《梭罗书信集》(Familiar letters of Henry David Thoreau, 1884),三宝编辑。这是作为前述作品集的第11本出版,但印刷滞后了半年,单独发行。普通版印刷了1008本,大开本印刷了158本。

《大自然的颂歌》(Poems of Nature, 1895),三宝和萨尔特编辑。第一版印刷了750本,其中250在美国销售。这版本是淡绿布面封皮,毛边。

《梭罗作品全集》(Writings of Henry David Thoreau, 1906)。全套20卷本,艾伦和托里编辑。这套书是梭罗作品的权威版本,其地位直到近年才被普林斯顿大学版本所取代。普通版称为“瓦尔登版”,另外还有一个“原稿版”。瓦尔登版出了1020套,蓝色布面封皮。原稿版是编号限量版,共600套,绿布封皮的售价5美元一卷,全真皮封装的售价25-75美元一卷,全套500-1500美元。

这些书使用多种布料,反映了美国内战造成的布料供货短缺,书商弄到啥布料就用啥布料,无法做到整齐划一,没那么多讲究。布面颜色主要使用绿紫棕茶四种颜色,反映了维多利亚时期的家装主流色调。

以前的书籍,书商只做简单的装订,不做装帧。买家自己要去找人装帧。到了梭罗时期,书商已经开始装帧后再卖了。为了保险起见,书上印完书后,只装帧半数上下,卖完了再装帧剩下的。那本《河上一周》,剩下的700本让梭罗自己抱回了家,只有256本是装帧好的,其余450本还是散页。

这个系列,将主要围绕我个人收藏的《瓦尔登湖》版本展开。

个人相关收藏:

01. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Houghton Mifflin Co., The Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1893, 500 copies [A2.3.c]

02. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Houghton Mifflin Co., The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Illustrated, 1893 ?

03. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Everyman's Library, London: J. M. Dent

04. Old Concord, by Allen French, With Drawings by Lester G. Hornby, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1915

05. Through the Year of Thoreau, by Herbert W. Gleason, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1917

06. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with introduction by Richard Whiteing, Wallet Library, London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son Limited, 1926 [A2.19]

07. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry D. Thoreau, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1929 [A2.8.h]

08. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with Introduction by Raymond Adams, Illustrated by Rudolph Ruzicka, Chicago: The Lakeside Press, 1930

09. Walden, or Life in the Woods, By Henry David Thoreau, with an introduction by Joseph L. King, The Modern Readers’ Series, New York: The MacMillan Company Publishers, 1929 [A2.22.a]

10. A Henry David Thoreau Bibliography 1908-1937, by William White, Boston: The F. W. Faxon Company, 1939

11. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with Wood-Engravings by Thomas W. Nason, New York: For The Heritage Press, 1939 [A2.29]

12. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with Wood-Engravings by Thomas W. Nason, New York: The Heritage Press, 1939 [A2.29]

13. Thoreau, by Henry Seidel Canby, with Illustrations, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press Cambridge, 1939

14. Walden, Henry David Thoreau, Introduction by Gordon S. Haight, Biographical Sketch by Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Classics Club, New York: Walter J. Blake, Inc., 1942 [A2.30]

15. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Illustrations by Aldren Watson, Mount Vernon: Peter Pauper Press, 1944 [A2.34]

16. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Illustrations by Aldren Watson, Mount Vernon: Peter Pauper Press, 1944 [A2.34] later print?

17. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry D. Thoreau, with introduction by Edwin Way Teale, New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1946 [A2.36.a]

18. Thoreau's Walden, A Photographic Register, by Henry Bugbee Kane, with introduction by Brooks Atkinson, New York: Alfred A. Kane, 1946

19. Henry David Thoreau, by Joseph Wood Krutch, The American Men of Letters Series, William Sloane Associates, 1948 (1st ed., signed)

20. The Making of Walden, with the Text of the First Version, by J. Lyndon Shanley, The University of Chicago Press, 1957 (Signed by author) [A2.46.a]

21. Henry Thoreau: American Rebel, by T. Morris Longstreth, Illustrated with photographs by Edwin Way Teale, New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1963, First Edition, signed by author

22. The Days of Henry Thoreau, a Biography, by Walter Harding, New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1965

23. Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, Introduction by Basil Willey, London: Aldine House, Everyone’s Library, No. 281, 1968 [A2.10.c]

24. WALDEN and Other Writings, by Henry David Thoreau, Introduction by Nat Hentoff, Garden City, New York: International Collector’s Library, 1970 [E38]

25. The Annotated Walden (Walden; or, Life in the Woods), by Henry D. Thoreau, Edited by Philip van Doren Stern, New York: Bramhall House, 1970 [A2.1.x]

26. Walden, The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau, Edited by J. Lyndon Shanley, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971 [A2.67.a] (2 copies)

27. The Illustrated Walden, with Photographs from the Gleason Collection, by Henry D. Thoreau, Text Edited by J. Lyndon Shanley, Princeton University Press, 1973 [A2.67.b]

28. Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, a limited edition, The Great Books Ever Written. Westport, Connecticut: The Easton Press, 1975 [A2.70]

29. Walden or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, The 100 Greatest Books of All Time, The Franklin Library, Franklin Center, Pennsylvania, 1976

42. Walden, by Thoreau, Introduced by Colin Ward, Wood-engravings by Michael Renton, London: The Folio Society, 1980 [A2.74]

43. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with Wood-Engravings by Thomas W. Nason, Norwalk, Connecticut: The Heritage Press, 1981

30. Walden, or Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, with wood engraving by Thomas W. Nason, Collector's Edition, The 100 Greatest Books Ever Written, Norwalk, Connecticut: The Easton Press, 1981

31. Henry David Thoreau: A Descriptive Bibliography, by Raymond R. Borst, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982 (Signed by author)

32. Walden; or, Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau, Illustrations by Aldren Watson, Mount Vernon: Peter Pauper Press, 1984

33. A Week, Walden, Maine Woods, Cape Cod, by henry David Thoreau, The Library of America, Eleventh Print, 1985

34. Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, Barnes & Noble, 1992

35. The Days of Henry Thoreau, a Biography, by Walter Harding, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992

36. Walden, an Annotated Edition, by Henry D. Thoreau, Foreword and Notes by Walter Harding, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995

37. Firsts, the Book Collector’s Magazine, Thoreau Special Issue, Volume 9, Number 9, September 1999

38. Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, Wood Engravings by Michael McCurdy, Foreword by Terry Tempest Williams, Shambhala Publications, Inc., 2004

39. Civil Disobedience & Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, Birmingham, AL: Palladium Press, 2004

40. Walden, a Fully Annotated Edition, by Henry D. Thoreau, Edited by Jeffry S. Cramer, Yale University Press, 2004

41. 华尔腾,徐迟(译),晨光出版公司,1949年3月初版,基本价四元八角,pp.380

42. 瓦尔登湖,徐迟(译),上海译文出版社,1982年8月第1版第1次印刷,书号:10188·306,定价:1.10元,pp.314 (徐迟签名)

43. 湖滨散记,沈漠(节译),寂天文化事业股份有限公司,2008年11月初版再刷,ISBN 957-585-621-x,定价:120元,pp.234