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如何在演讲中有效地使用PowerPoint

(2019-05-28 19:44:48) 下一个

嘿,这是刘博士。在本视频中,我将向您展示一些有效的PowerPoint演示文稿的提示。当我们在演示文稿中使用PowerPoint作为视觉辅助时,我们的任务通常看起来更容易。但是,如果我们没有正确使用PowerPoint,或者我们过分依赖它,PowerPoint幻灯片也可能会分散注意力,甚至阻止我们做出精彩的演示。

首先,让我们清楚说明在演示文稿中使用PowerPoint的主要目的是什么。通常有两个主要目的。第一个目的是帮助观众想象我们的想法。第二个目的是提醒观众我们的关键点。为了制作有效的PowerPoint演示文稿,我们应该始终牢记,可视化的目的远比提醒的目的重要。帮助观众可视化我们的关键想法,是使我们的演示更具吸引力和影响力的最佳方式。如果我们制作PowerPoint幻灯片只是为了使用文本提醒观众我们的关键点,我们浪费了PowerPoint的大部分功能,我们的PowerPoint将失去其大部分功能。

其次,我们还需要说清楚,PowerPoint幻灯片应该主要针对观众而不是作为演讲者自己制作。当然,PowerPoint幻灯片具有提醒自己我们在哪里或在演示期间说些什么的功能。但我们最好设计PowerPoint幻灯片,以最大限度地提高受众的利益,但不能让我们自己受益。当我们为自己设计幻灯片时,我们倾向于包含更多的单词和细节,这可能有助于我们记住,但往往不为观众所理解。通常我们为自己设计幻灯片的次数越多,受众就越少受益。理想情况下,我们应该非常熟悉我们的演示文稿,即使没有PowerPoint,我们也能够提供演示文稿。 PowerPoint应该只是一个可选的辅助工具,为观众提供额外的帮助。这样,扬声器就是中心,而不是PowerPoint。这就是为什么许多优秀的演讲者甚至不在他们的演讲中使用PowerPoint,或者只在必要时偶尔使用PowerPoint。

在我们清楚了解PowerPoint的主要目的以及它应该服务的人之后,我们可以在使用它时开始讨论提示和规则。当我们使用PowerPoint帮助观众想象我们的想法时,我有两个提示,第一个提示是“保持简单”;第二个提示是“让它焕然一新”。通过说“保持简单”,我的意思是,我们希望在短时间内让观众易于理解。我们希望让观众能够轻松关注我们的主要想法。因此,我们应尽可能减少噪音和干扰。我们可能想要介绍我们已经完成的很多事情。但我们需要学习根据观众的痛点或兴奋点来过滤我们的材料。我们可能经常需要将一年的工作编辑为15分钟的谈话。在这种情况下,我们最好选择一两点深入而不是进行广泛而浅薄的谈话。

理想情况下,对于我们想要提供的每个关键想法,我们应该至少有一个支持图像,以帮助观众可视化并记住它。我们希望保持图像简洁。幻灯片上的所有内容都需要对观众有意义,否则应将其删除。我们需要谨慎使用太多颜色或不同的字体,因为它们经常会造成不必要的干扰。不要让花哨的设计和动画从我们想要提供的想法中窃取焦点。

所以,这是第一个提示,“保持简单”。第二个提示是“让它焕然一新”。新设计通常比旧设计更令人印象深刻。最好的设计总能通过创造一点惊喜来唤醒观众的心灵。因此,除了“保持简单”之外,我们应该始终尽力为我们的数据和想法生成创意视觉效果。例如,这个图表是我尝试生成一个简单但有创意的视觉来帮助展示我的想法。没有通用的最佳设计始终有效。在每个特定时间点,更好的设计总是能够为观众带来当时更新的体验。

当我们在幻灯片中使用文本而不是图像时,基本原则是“显示,但不能告诉”。我们只想使用关键词,而不是完整句子,除非是单词引用。在提出要点时有一个6乘6的规则。也就是说,每行最多6行6个字。那是因为大多数人脑只能快速浏览6个单词。如果超过6个单词,人们将不得不开始阅读,然后他们的注意力放在幻灯片上,而不是扬声器。为了遵循这个6乘6规则,我们需要学习以高度概括或高度精炼的方式总结我们的关键思想。

学生经常犯两个常见的错误。 首先,它们在幻灯片中产生了太多奇特的噪音。 其次,它们使PowerPoint幻灯片成为舞台的中心,而不是扬声器本身。 感谢收看,我是刘博士,为失败者提供研究建议。 PowerPoint很有用,但如果我们不正确使用它也可能有害。 直到下一次,让我们学习如何更好地使用它,并最大限度地发挥它的实力.

Hey, it’s Dr. Liu here again. In this video, I will show you some tips to make an effective PowerPoint presentation. When we use PowerPoint as a visual aid in our presentation, our task usually seems easier. However, if we do not use PowerPoint properly, or if we rely too much on it, the PowerPoint slides may also become a distraction, and even prevent us to make a great presentation.

First, Let’s make it clear what are the top purposes for using PowerPoint in our presentation. Usually there are two top purposes. The first purpose is to help the audience to visualize our ideas. The second purpose is to remind the audience of our key points. In order to make an effective PowerPoint presentation, we should always keep in mind that the purpose of visualizing is much more important than the purpose of reminding. Helping the audience to visualize our key ideas, is the best way to make our presentation more impressive and influential. If we make PowerPoint slides just to remind the audience of our key points using text, we waste much of the power from the PowerPoint, our PowerPoint will lose most of its power.

Second, we also need to make it clear, the PowerPoint slides should be made mainly for the audience but not for ourselves as speaker. Of course, the PowerPoint slides have the function of reminding ourselves where we are, or what to say during our presentation. But we’d better design the PowerPoint slides to maximize the benefits of the audience but not ourselves. When we design the slides for ourselves, we tend to include more words and details, which may help us to remember but are often not understandable for the audience. Usually the more we design the slides for ourselves, the less the audience can benefit from them. Ideally, we should be so familiar with our presentation that we are able to deliver the presentation even without the PowerPoint. The PowerPoint should be just an optional aid that provides additional help to the audience. In this way, the speaker is the center, but not the PowerPoint. That is why many great speakers don’t even use PowerPoint in their speech, or only use them occasionally when necessary.

After we are clear about the main purpose of PowerPoint and who it should serve, we can start talk about the tips and rules when using it. When we use PowerPoint to help the audience to visualize our ideas, I have two tips, the first tip is “keep it simple”; the second tip is “make it new and fresh”. By saying “keep it simple”, I mean, we want to make things easy to understand for the audience in a short period of time. We want to make it easy for the audience to focus on our key ideas. Therefore, we should reduce noise and distractions as much as possible. We may want to present a lot of things we have done. But we need to learn to filter our material based on the pain points, or exciting points of the audience. We may often need to edit one year’s work down to a 15 min talk. In this case, we‘d better select one or two points to go deep rather than give a wide and shallow talk.

Ideally, for each key idea we want to deliver, we should have at least one supporting image to help the audience to visualize it and remember it. We want to keep our images simple and clean. Everything on the slides needs to be meaningful for the audience, otherwise they should be removed. We need to be cautious to use too much colors or different fonts, because they often cause unnecessary distractions. Don’t let fancy design and animations to steal the focus from the ideas we want to deliver.

So, that is the first tip, “keep it simple”. The second tip is “make it new and fresh”. New design is often more impressive than old one. The best design can always refresh the audience’s mind by creating a little surprise. So in addition to “keep it simple”, we should always try our best to generate creative visuals for our data and ideas. For example, this diagram is my attempt to generate a simple but creative visual to help presenting my ideas. There is no universal best design that works all the time. At each certain time point, a better design is always those which can bring the audience a refreshed experience at that time.

When we use text instead of images in our slides, the basic principle is “to show, but not tell”. We want to use key words only, instead of full sentences, unless for a word for word quote. There is a 6 by 6 rule when presenting bullet points. That is, 6 rows and 6 words in each row in maximum. That is because most human brain can only handle 6 words in one quick glance. If more than 6 words, people will have to start to read, and then their attention is on the slides but not the speaker. To follow this 6 by 6 rule, we need to learn to summarize our key ideas in a highly generalized, or highly refined manner.

There are two common mistakes students often make. First, they make too much fancy noise in the slides. Second, they make the PowerPoint slides the center of stage but not the speakers themselves. Thanks for watching, I am Dr. Liu with research tips for the underdogs. PowerPoint is useful but it could also be harmful if we do not use it properly. Until next time, let’s learn how to use it better, and maximize its real power.

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