如何精读一本书：读书如读画

How to Read to Learn more and Remember Longer? Deep Reading and SQ3R -024

嘿，这是刘博士。在之前的视频中，我们讨论了快速阅读和快速学习的方法。在这个视
频中，我将向您展示深度阅读的方法。这种方法是由教授开发的教科书阅读策略。它可
以帮助读者记住他们阅读的更多内容。该方法最初称为SQ3R。后来，增加了更多的“R
”。所以有时它会变成SQ4R甚至是SQ5R。在这里，为了简单起见，我会坚持使用SQ3R。

SQ3R是有效阅读和学习的5个步骤的首字母缩写。 “S”代表调查。 “Q”代表问题。
三个“R”被阅读，背诵和审查。深度阅读的第一步是调查。我们希望通过快速调查了
解我们正在阅读的内容。我们想知道信息的组织方式以及我们需要学习的内容。我们想
要调查的项目通常包括内容表，标题，副标题，前言以及摘要或结论。我们可能还想查
看主要的图形和图像。该调查将使我们能够全面了解主要观点是什么以及章节的组织方
式。当我们稍后阅读时，这将有助于我们对文本进行可视化和理解。

调查更像是阅读图片而不是从头到尾阅读文本。当我们阅读图片时，我们通常不会从上
到下，或从左到右阅读。我们想首先阅读整个图片，然后决定在哪里阅读更多细节。当
我们写作时，我们实际上正在将思想中的想法转换为文本的线性输出。因此，当我们阅
读时，我们不希望受到文本的线性形式的限制。我们希望尽力恢复作者心中的大局。这
是实际阅读前的调查目的。

第二步是问题。在进行调查时，我们希望根据我们已经了解的主题来开始提问。这将有
助于我们将新信息与我们现有的知识联系起来。它使新信息更容易记住。一种方法是将
每个标题和副标题变成一个问题。这个问题将使我们的阅读成为寻找答案的过程。因此
，阅读将变得更有动力和更集中。如果我们打算并努力寻找问题的答案，当我们找到它
时，我们更有可能记住它。在我们开始阅读时，写下我们的问题可能会有所帮助。

经过调查和提问，我们可能会开始一次阅读一个部分的信息。读取只是SQ3R方法中的一
个“R”，但读取过程实际上涉及更多的“R”，例如响应，减少和记录。回应意味着，
在阅读时，我们始终牢记我们的问题，并积极寻找答案以回答这些问题。减少手段，我
们应该根据我们现有的知识，尝试将新信息简化为一些简短的关键词，或者对我们更有
意义的关键概念。记录意味着记录从阅读中获得的关键想法。

响应，减少和记录是我们进行深度阅读时需要的三个“R”。所有这三个“R”都帮助我
们将新信息与我们现有的知识联系起来，从而帮助我们更好地理解。回应涉及回答填补
我们现有知识空白的问题。减少涉及消化新信息，将它们连接到旧信息，并总结所有信
息。记录用我们自己的话做笔记。记录不仅可以帮助我们现在理解，还可以帮助我们在
将来进行审查。

在阅读时，我们应该专注于寻找新概念而不是新事实。事实是片段信息，很容易被遗忘
。我们并不需要记住很多事实，因为我们总是可以在需要时使用谷歌。当事实相互联系
时，它们可能形成新的概念。概念通常是一种浓缩的知识形式，提供事实之间的关系。
大学里的许多课程可能花费整整一个学期来解释一些关键概念。关注关键概念是掌握新
知识的典型捷径。好消息是，人类大脑的自然记忆关系比单身事实更容易。事实很容易
被遗忘，但对于概念，一旦我们掌握了它，它通常会与我们一起生活。当我们进行深度
阅读时，识别关键概念的能力，减少新信息以形成新概念的能力，以及减少所有片段事
实和突出其背后逻辑的能力决定了我们学习的有效性。

阅读之后，我们想借此机会背诵并回顾我们所阅读的内容。这两个“R”帮助我们保留
所学的信息。通过背诵，我们内化了我们学到的信息。通过稍后定期审查，我们将我们
学到的信息强化为长期记忆，以供将来使用。对于背诵，我们可以向其他人解释我们以
简单，简化形式学到的东西。我们也可以尝试回答我们提出的问题，而无需打开本书。
背诵是确认我们真正理解我们所阅读内容的必要步骤。背诵的质量反映了我们学习的质
量。如果我们无法简明扼要地背诵，那几乎总是表明我们并不真正理解，而且我们未能
将新信息与我们现有的知识有效地联系起来。如需审核，我们可能会查阅我们的注释，
有时我们可能会根据我们在审核时的最新知识选择性地重新阅读某些部分。

世界是连通的，知识也是如此。当我们阅读了足够多的书籍时，我们可能会对书籍之间
的关系更加敏感。比较不同作者如何看待相同的问题也是提高我们对所阅读内容的理解
的有效方法。有时，我们甚至可以见证历史上人类知识的演变。感谢收看，我是刘博士
，为失败者提供研究建议。深度阅读通常用于掌握新概念。略读通常用于扩展我们现有
的概念。 SQ3R是一种有效的深度阅读方法，可以帮助我们学习更多知识并记住更长时
间。直到下一次，当它需要一些深度阅读时，让我们把它作为一种自然的方式。

How to Read to Learn more and Remember Longer? Deep Reading and SQ3R -024

Hey, it’s Dr. Liu here again. In a previous video, we discussed the method 
for quick reading and quick learning. In this video, I will show you a 
method for deep reading. This method is developed by professors as a 
textbook reading strategy. It can help the reader to remember more of what 
they read. The method is originally called SQ3R. Later, more “R”s are 
added. So sometimes, it becomes SQ4R or even SQ5R. Here, to keep things 
simple, I will stick with SQ3R. 

SQ3R is an acronym for 5 steps to effectively read and learn. “S” stands 
for survey. “Q” stands for question. The three “R”s are read, recite and
review. The first step for deep reading is survey. We want to obtain a 
general idea of what we are reading through a quick survey. We want to know 
how the information is organized and what we need to learn. The items we 
want survey usually include the table of content, headings, subheadings, 
preface, and the summary or conclusions. We may also want to check out major
graphs and images. The survey will allow us to have a general idea about 
what the main ideas are and how the chapters are organized. This will help 
us visualize and make sense of the text when we read it through later. 

Survey is more like reading a picture rather than reading text from 
beginning to end. When we read a picture, we usually do not read from top to
bottom, or from left to right. We want to read the whole picture first and 
then decide where to read for more details. When we are writing, we are 
actually converting a picture of ideas in our mind into the linear output of
text. Therefore, when we are reading, we do not want to be limited by the 
linear form of the text. We want to try our best to restore the big picture 
in the author’s mind. And that is the purpose of survey before actual 
reading.

The second step is question. While doing the survey, it is very nature we 
want to start asking questions based on what we already know about the 
topics we are reading. This will help us to associate the new information 
with our existing knowledge. And it makes the new information easier to 
remember. One method is to turn each heading and subheading into a question.
The question will make our reading become a process of looking for answers.
And therefore, the reading will become more motivated and focused. If we 
intend and try hard to look for the answer for a question, when we find it, 
it is more likely we will be able to remember it. It may be helpful to write
down our questions to refer to as we start reading.

After survey and question, we may begin to read the information one section 
at a time. Reading is just one “R” in the SQ3R method, but the reading 
process actually involves more “R”s, such as respond, reduce and record. 
Respond means, while reading, we always keep our questions in mind, and we 
actively looking for answers to respond to these questions. Reduce means, we
should try to reduce the new information into some brief key words, or key 
concepts that make more sense to us, based on our existing knowledge. Record
means taking notes on key ideas obtained from reading. 

Respond, reduce, and record are the three “R”s we need when we conduct 
deep reading. All these three “R”s help us to associate the new 
information with our existing knowledge, and therefore help us to better 
understand. Respond involves answering questions that fill gaps in our 
existing knowledge. Reduce involves digesting new information, connecting 
them to old information, and summarizing all information. Record is taking 
notes using our own words. Record not only can help us to understand now, 
but also can help us for review in the future.

While reading, we should focus on looking for new concepts rather than new 
facts. Facts are fragment information and can easily be forgotten. We do not
really need to remember many facts, since we can always use google when we 
need them. When facts are connected with each other, they may form new 
concepts. Concepts are usually a condensed form of knowledge that provides 
relationships among facts. Many courses in college may spend a whole 
semester just to explain a few key concepts. Focusing on key concepts is a 
typical shortcut to grasp new knowledge. The good news is, it is nature for 
human brain to remember relationships much easier than singles facts. Facts 
can easily be forgotten, but for concepts, once we grasp it, it usually will
stay with us for a life time. When we conduct deep reading, the ability to 
identify key concepts, the ability to reduce the new information to form new
concepts, and the ability to reduce all the fragment facts and highlight 
the logic behind them determine the effectiveness of our learning. 

After the reading, we want to take chance to recite and review what we have 
read. These two “R”s help us to retain the information we learned. By 
recite, we internalize the information we learned. By review regularly at a 
later time, we reinforce the information we learned into long term memory 
for use in the future. For recite, we may explain to others what we learned 
in simple, reduced forms. We may also try to answer the questions we have 
without opening the book. Recite is a necessary step to confirm that we 
really understand what we have read. The quality of the recite reflects the 
quality of our learning. If we are not able to recite clearly and concisely,
that almost always indicates that we do not really understand, and we 
failed to connect the new information effectively with our existing 
knowledge. For review, we may consult our notes, and sometimes we may want 
to go back to reread certain sections selectively, based on our updated 
knowledge at the time of review.

The world is connected, so is the knowledge. When we have read enough books,
we may be more sensitive on relationships among books. Comparing how the 
same problems are viewed by different authors is also an effective way to 
improve our understanding on what we are reading. Sometimes, we may even 
witness the evolution of human knowledge in the history. Thanks for watching
, I am Dr. Liu with research tips for the underdogs. Deep reading is usually
for grasping new concepts. Skimming is usually for expanding our existing 
concepts. The SQ3R is an effective deep reading method that can help us to 
learn more and remember longer. Until next time, let’s keep it as a nature 
way when it is time for some deep reading. 

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