陇山陇西郡
宁静纯我心 感得事物人 写朴实清新. 闲书闲话养闲心,闲笔闲写记闲人;人生无虞懂珍惜，以沫相濡字字真。
Julie Andrews
| Dame Julie Andrews DBE | |
|---|---|
 Andrews in Sydney, Australia, May 2013 | |
| Born | Julia Elizabeth Wells 1 October 1935 Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England |
| Occupation | Actress, singer, author |
| Years active | 1945–present |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children | 3, including Emma Walton Hamilton |
Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE (née Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English actress, singer, and author.[1] Andrews, a child actress and singer, appeared in the West End in 1948 and made her Broadway debut in The Boy Friend (1954). She rose to prominence starring in Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady (1956), playing Eliza Doolittle, and Camelot (1960), playing Queen Guinevere. In 1957, Andrews starred in the premiere of Rodgers and Hammerstein's written-for-television musical Cinderella, a live, network broadcast seen by over 100 million viewers.
Andrews made her feature film debut in Mary Poppins (1964), and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role. She starred in The Sound of Music (1965), playing Maria von Trapp, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. Between 1964 and 1986, she starred in The Americanization of Emily (1964), Hawaii (1966), Torn Curtain (1966), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Star! (1968), The Tamarind Seed (1974), 10 (1979), Victor/Victoria (1982), That's Life! (1986), and Duet for One (1986).
In 2000, Andrews was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts. In 2002, she was ranked #59 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. In 2003, she revisited her first Broadway success, this time as a stage director, with a revival of The Boy Friend. From 2001 to 2004, Andrews starred in The Princess Diaries (2001), The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). From 2004 to 2010, she lent her voice to the Shrek animated films and Despicable Me (2010).
Andrews has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, five Golden Globes, three Grammys, two Emmys, the Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award, the Kennedy Center Honors Award, and the Disney Legends Award. Apart from her musical career, she is also an author of children's books and has published an autobiography, Home: A Memoir of My Early Years (2008).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzlTgREfyrI
Order of the British Empire
| Most Excellent Order of the British Empire | |
|---|---|
 CBE neck decoration (in civil division) | |
| Awarded by the sovereign of the United Kingdom | |
| Type | Order of chivalry |
| Established | 1917 |
| Motto | For God and the Empire |
| Eligibility | British nationals, citizens of the Commonwealth Realms or anyone who has made a significant achievement for the United Kingdom |
| Awarded for | Prominent national or regional achievements[1] |
| Status | Currently constituted |
| Sovereign | Queen Elizabeth II |
| Grand Master | Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh |
| Grades | Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GBE) Knight/Dame Commander (KBE/DBE) Commander (CBE) Officer (OBE) Member (MBE) |
| Former grades | Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Meritorious Service |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Royal Victorian Order |
| Next (lower) | Varies, depending on rank |
_Ribbon.png){kind=small} Military ribbon _Ribbon.png){kind=small} Civil ribbon | |
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.[2] It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male or dame if female.[3] There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order.
Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were originally made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire (later Commonwealth) and the Viceroy of India. Nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British (Imperial) honours. Most Commonwealth countries ceased recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire when they created their own honours.[a]
Contents
- 1 Current classes
- 2 Styles and honorary knighthoods
- 3 History
- 4 Composition
- 5 Gallantry
- 6 Vestments and accoutrements
- 7 Chapel
- 8 Precedence and privileges
- 9 Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross
- 10 Recommendations by Commonwealth countries
- 11 Criticism
- 12 See also
- 13 Notes
- 14 References
- 15 Further reading
- 16 External links
Current classes[edit]
The five classes of appointment to the Order are, in descending order of precedence:
- Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE)[b]
- Knight Commander or Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE or DBE)
- Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)
- Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)
- Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)
Styles and honorary knighthoods[edit]
The senior two ranks of Knight or Dame Grand Cross, and Knight or Dame Commander, entitle their members to use the title of Sir for men and Dame for women before their forename. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards.
Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order, including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005, and on successful application for British citizenship, held alongside his Irish citizenship, was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as Sir Terry Wogan.[4][5]
History[edit]
