游遍美国五十州
英语学习内容包括视译，交替传译和同声传译三部分
正文
Lesson Seventeen
Section One: News in Brief
1. Two of the American hostages being held in Lebanon appeared in a videotape released today, appealing to the Reagan Administration to work as hard for their release as it did to get Nicholas Daniloff out of the Soviet Union. Hostage David Jacobsen: \'Don\'t we also deserve the recognition, the respect and the honorable treatment by the United States government? Don\'t we deserve the same attention and protection that you gave Daniloff Jacobsen, who works for the\' American University Hospital in Beirut, has been held for sixteen months. Also appearing on the videotape was the -Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson, the first time he\'s been seen since his capture eighteen months ago. Anderson and Jacobsen had said they were also speaking on behalf of hostage Thomas Sutherland. And they spoke of the death of William Buckley whom Islamic Jihad has claimed to have killed. Sutherland blamed, President Reagan for Buckley\'s murder. \'President Reagan made his first mistake in the hostage crisis and Buckley died. Mr. President, are you going to make another mistake at the cost of our lives?\' President Reagan today defended his efforts to gain the hostages\' release. Speaking to reporters as he left for Camp David, Mr. Reagan said there has never been a day that the administration has not been trying every channel. But he said there was no comparison between the case of Nicholas Daniloff and the hostages in Lebanon because he was held by a government and we don\'t know who\'s holding the hostages.\' Daniloff himself commented, on the hostages\' appeal, saying his heart goes out to them and they will not be forgotten.
2. The White House today gave its view of the upcoming meeting between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Iceland. And office made it clear that the US intends to pursue a much broader agenda than the Soviets are proposing. NPR\'s Jim Angle reports. “White House spokesman Larry Speakes emphasized today the US does not see the Iceland meeting as a discussion primarily about arms control. “That issue is important to both nations and the world,\' he said, \'and the US will be diligent in its efforts to seek common ground that could be the basis for progress in arms talks.\' Speakes emphasized, however, that the US agenda will be broader than that, even though Soviet statements about the meeting have focused largely on arms control. Speakes says the US will raise all the issues as it usually does, including regional conflicts and tensions in Afghanistan, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Speakes said that the US will also raise its concern over human rights issues. Speakes\' statement on the Iceland meeting today sought to keep expectation to its minimum. The President\'s goal, he said, is that both sides gain a better understanding of each other\'s position at this time and move forward toward a summit in the United States. But Speakes said that the US will be satisfied with the meeting if we accomplish better understanding. If no date is set for a summit in the US, he said, that could be done later. I\'m Jim Angle at the White House.
第一节 简明新闻
1.两名被扣押在黎巴嫩的美国人质出现在今天公布的一盘录像带中，呼吁美国里根政府像争取尼古拉丹尼洛夫从苏联手中获释那样的努力以争取他们被释放。人质大卫杰克布森说：‘我们是不是也应该值得被承认，受到美国政府的尊重和体面的待遇？我们是不是也应该得像你们给对丹尼洛夫那样的同样的重视和保护？’杰克布森在贝鲁特的美国大学医院工作，已经被关押16个月。同时在录像带中出现的是，美联社记者特里安德森，他是在18个月前被绑架以来第一次露面。安德森和杰克布森曾表示，他们的讲话还代表人质托马斯萨瑟兰。并且他们提到威廉巴克利的死讯，伊斯兰圣战组织声称打死了他。萨瑟兰指责说，是里根总统谋杀了巴克利。‘里根总统在人质危机中的第一个错误就导致了巴克利的死亡。总统先生，你打算犯下另一个错误而用我们的生命作代价吗？’里根总统今天表示将努力争取人质获释。这是他在离开戴维营时对记者说的，里根先生说，政府没有一天不是在尝试各种渠道的。但他说，尼克拉斯丹尼洛夫事件和黎巴嫩人质事件无法比较。“因为他是被政府扣押的，而我们不知道谁的在扣押人质。丹尼洛夫自己说的，代表人质的呼吁，说他的心和他们一起跳动，他们不会被遗忘。
2. 白宫今天表示了对与里根总统和苏联领导人戈尔巴乔夫在冰岛即将举行的会议的看法。办公室明确表示，美国打算追求一个比苏联提出的更广泛议程。美国公共广播电台的吉姆安吉尔的报道。“白宫发言人拉里斯皮克斯今天强调，美国并不认为，冰岛会晤不是一个主要讨论军控的会议。这个问题对两个国家和世界都是重要的，他说，美国将努力寻求共同点，可以作为推动军备会谈的基础。斯皮克斯强调，但是美国的议程比那些将更广泛，尽管苏联声明会议将最大限度地集中武器控制上。斯皮克斯说，美国将像通常那样提出的所有问题，包括，阿富汗，非洲，加勒比，中东和东南亚地区的地区冲突和紧张局势。斯皮克斯说，美国也将提高其对人权问题的关注。今天斯皮克斯有关冰岛会议的声明力图保住其最低期望值。总统的目标，他说，是双方在这个时候站在对方的立场上，有更好的了解并期望在美国举行首脑会议。但斯皮克斯说，美国将会对会议感到满意，如果我们做到更好的理解。如果在美国的首脑会议的日期没有确定，他说，这以后可以做到。我是吉姆安吉尔在白宫报道。
Section Two: News in Detail
From Beirut today, the tired voices of two American hostages, a crudely made videotape of journalist Terry Anderson and American University employee David Jacobsen was released this morning by their captor, the Islamic Jihad. The two men read from texts that seemed to have been written by the captors. They sounded bitter as they assailed what they called the Reagan Administration’s refusal to act secure their release. And Anderson confirmed the death of his fellow hostage, American diplomat, William Buckley. Islamic Jihad claims it murdered Buckley in October of last year, but no conclusive death has ever been found. From Beirut, the BBC\'s Jim, Muir reports.
On Dec.4th 1991, the 2,454th day of captivity, Terry Anderson was released in Lebanon.
“This was the first time since he was kidnapped by gunmen in March last year that Terry Anderson, the Beirut Bureau Chief of the Associate Press, has been seen on video. He looked fit but thinner paler than when he was abducted. He bitterly accused the Administration of ignoring the plight of the American host in Beirut while surrendering to the Russians over the Daniloff case.”
“‘How can any official justify the interest, and attention and action given that case and the inattention given ours? Do the American people know why we are in captivity? Why the marines and others were killed in bombings at Beirut airport and the Embassy buildings? Why they can\'t roam freely about the Middle East but are always in danger? All this is the result of Reagan\'s policy, a policy against the people of the Middle East. Our captivity is one part of the result of this policy. William Buckley\'s murder and the killings of many, many others are another part. Your lack of freedom to travel is another result of that policy. We are not surprised that Mr. Reagan is not paying attention to our case. More than four hundred Americans have been killed in Beirut without causing him to feel any responsibility or to change that policy. We are surprised that the American government has put pressure on some of the European governments not to negotiate in such cases as ours and has surrendered itself in the Daniloff case, releasing a Russian spy, Zakharov, who was working against our people. We are more surprised that the American people still listen to what Reagan says. How long must we staff captivity? How long will the American government not pay attention?\' The message was put across strongly by one of Mr. Anderson\'s fellow captives, Mr. David Jacobsen, Director of the American University Hospital in Beirut, who was kidnapped in May last year. He said that the conditions of the hostages were very bad and had worsened over the past two months. But he said the worst pain came from being ignored by his government. Islamic Jihad is demanding the release of a group of Moslem extremists jailed for bomb attacks in Kuwait. But both Washington and Kuwait itself have refused to negotiate over their release.”
From Beirut. the BBC’s Jim Muir.
第二节 详细新闻 美国人质抨击里根政府
在贝鲁特，今天两名美国人质疲惫的声音，今天上午出现在一盘粗制滥造的由伊斯兰圣战组织绑架者公布的录像带里，即记者特里安德森和美国大学雇员大卫雅各布森。两人照着文稿朗读，文稿似乎是绑架者写的。当他们攻击里根政府称政府拒绝采取行动争取他们安全获释时声音苦涩。安德森证实了他的难友，美国外交官，威廉巴克利的死亡。伊斯兰圣战组织在去年10月杀害了巴克利，但从来没有发现确凿的死亡依据。英国广播公司的吉姆缪尔来自贝鲁特的报道。
“这是特里安德森自从去年3月被武装分子绑架后第一次露面，他是美联社贝鲁特新闻社的副主任，出现在录像带上。他看上去比被绑架时还要健康但更瘦更苍白。他难过地指责政府忽视了在贝鲁特的美国人的困境而却为丹尼洛夫事件向俄国人屈服。”
“‘怎么任何官员的辩解说他们对那个事件那样的兴趣，关注和采取的行动却忽视了能给予我们的？美国人民知道我们为什么被关押吗？为什么海军陆战队员和其他人员会在贝鲁特机场和使馆馆舍的爆炸中丧生？他们为什么不能自由地在中东漫游，却始终处于危险当中？所有这一切都是因为里根的反中东人民的政策的结果。我们的被俘是这一政策结果的一部分。威廉巴克利被谋杀和许多许多人被杀害是另一部分原因。你们不能自由地旅行是这个政策另一个结果。我们对里根总统对我们的处境漠不关心并不感到惊讶。超过400名美国人在贝鲁特被杀害并没有使他感到任何有改变这个政策的责任。我们感到吃惊的是，美国政府已经对欧洲的一些政府施加压力，不得在遇到我们这样的，或丹尼洛夫那样的自首案，或释放的反对我们人民的俄罗斯间谍扎哈罗夫等，诸多（类似的）情况进行谈判。我们更惊讶的是美国人民仍然听信里根所说的。我们的人还要被关押多久？美国政府还要漠不关心多久？’该消息是由安德森的难友，大卫杰克布森强烈地提出来的，他是贝鲁特美国大学医院的主任，是去年5月被绑架的。他说，人质所处的条件非常差，过去两个月里开始恶化。但他说，最严重的痛苦是被他的政府所忽视。伊斯兰圣战组织要求释放一群因炸弹袭击，目前关押在科威特的穆斯林极端分子。但是，华盛顿和科威特自己已经拒绝就他们的获释而进行的谈判。”
BBC的吉姆穆芮，来自贝鲁特的报道
Section Three: Special Report
M’bow has been a controversial leader charged with mismanaging UNESCO while taking the agency in an anti-Western direction. The Reagan Administration cited those reasons when pulling the US out of UNESCO in 1984. Last year, the same charges were behind Britain and Singapore\'s decision to withdraw. Those three defections forced UNESCO to cut its budget by thirty percent and intensified the crisis around M’bow\'s leadership. Jean Gerard, now USA, ambassador to Luxembourg, is the former US delegate to UNESCO. Gerard recommended the US withdraw, because she felt UNESCO\'s programs were moving away from international cooperation toward confrontation.
“Take, for example, the New World Information Order, where in their documents they say that the press should be an instrument of the state. Now this, of course, is totally contrary to our concept of a free press. There are more and more programs which emphasize statist type of solutions to problems. In education, for example, in the teacher-training program in Afghanistan, it\'s run solely by Soviet teachers with a Soviet coordinator. So, in essence, we were paying for the indoctrination of the Afghan people, which again is not my idea of what an international organization ought to be doing. ”
“To what extent do you think M’bow is responsible for the directions that you disproved of in UNESCO? ”
“I think some of them, of course, were already there, but I think they have been very much accentuated under his tenure. And instead of taking the opportunity to reform the organization, to make it work more efficiently and in a more unbiased way, when we gave our notice of withdrawal. There was a great clamor that there was no crisis and initially very little need for reform aside from some cosmetic reform, and a general resentment of the idea.”
“Can you describe M’bow as a leader, what his personality was like, what his characteristics were as a leader?”
“I would say he’s certainly very dynamic. He has a great deal of charm, he has a very personal type of management style, and, I think, he tended to take criticism personally. When we had discussions with him about the budget, the Assistant Secretary of State and myself in 1983, since we pointed out that his figures were very different from the figures that we had under discussion, he then said that the United States, in essence, was behaving in a racist manner, that we had deep psychological problems.”
“Do you think his resignation is a sign that UNESCO wants the United States and England back? ”
“It\'s not, as I understand it, a resignation. It was a statement saying that he would not seek a third term. That does not preclude, of course, some countries from urging him to be the candidate, and the Executive Board nominates the candidate to the general conference. ”
“Do you know if there was any direct pressure on M’bow to not seek a third term?”
“I know quite a few countries in their governments have been saying that they do not favor his having a third term. That includes the Nordics, who went and informed him of that a few months ago. That includes Japan. And if you call that pressure, there certainly were several countries that indicated that they were not in favor of his having a third term.”
“Does M’bow \'s decision to not seek a third term represent a success for the US\'s decision to pull out of UNESCO? ”
“I wouldn\'t say it in those words frankly. I think it\'s a pity he didn\'t take the opportunity to be the champion of reform. On the other hand, that\'s his decision. ”
“What would it take for you to recommend to the United States that this country rejoin UNESCO? ”
“I think to have a good Director General, to see a serious constructive reform take place both in the management and in the programs. I think that\'s the kind of thing that would influence many people to take another look at it.”
From Luxembourg, Ambassador Jean Gerard, former US delegate to UNESCO.
第三节 特别报道 访问美国前联合国教科文组织代表简杰拉德----谈联合国教科文组织总干事长姆博*
当谈到教科文组织的反西方倾向时，姆博便成为颇有争议的，这个机构经营不善的领导人，该机构负责。里根政府以此理由，于1984年让美国退出教科文组织。去年，英国和新加坡以同样的指责决定退出。这三国的退出，迫使教科文组织的预算削减了百分之三十，并加剧了姆博周围的领导危机。简杰拉德，现在是美国驻卢森堡大使，前美国驻教科文组织代表。杰拉德曾建议美国撤出，因为她觉得教科文组织的计划正在从国际合作走向对抗。
“举个例子来说，在他们的文件里他们说道，新的世界信息秩序，就是新闻报道应该是国家的工具。就这一点来说，当然是完全违背我们的新闻自由的理念的。有越来越多的方案，强调以中央集权的方式来解决问题。在教育方面，例如，在阿富汗的教师培训计划，它完全由苏联教师和苏联协调员来独立运作。因此，在本质上，我们是为这种向阿富汗人民的灌输（行为）而付钱，这不是我意识当中一个国际组织应该做的。”
“你认为在你所反对的倾向方面，姆博应该负多大的责？”
“我认为其中一些是已经存在的，但我觉得这些在他的任期内变得十分突出。当我们递交了退出通知的时候，他们已经到了阻碍使这个组织更有效更无偏见地运作的改革地步了。曾经有一个大的叫嚣说，这里没有任何危机，基本上只需要做一些粉饰性的改革，但普遍有不满意见。”
“你能描述一下作为一个领导者，姆博的个性是什么样子的，他的领导性格是什么样的？”
“他当然是非常活跃的。他很有魅力，他有非常个性化的管理作风，而且我认为，他个人倾向于接受批评。当助理国务卿和我在1983年与他讨论有关预算问题时，当我们指出他的数字和我们正在讨论的有很大的不同时，他说，美国在本质上其行为就是种族主义者，而我们有严重的心理问题。“
“你认为他的辞职是教科文组织希望美国和英国回来的信号吗？”
“据我了解那不是一个辞职。这是个表示他不会寻求第三个任期的声明。当然这并不排除一些要求他成为候选人，并且执行局会在一般性会议上会提名候选人。”
“你知道姆博是否受到某些直接压力而不寻求第三个任期？”
“我知道相当少的国家政府已经表示过不希望他有第三个任期。这包括北欧，他们希望并在几个月前就告诉他了。包括日本。如果说压力的话，肯定有几个国家表明他们不主张他有第三个任期。”
“难道姆博决定不寻求第三个任期来表示美国退出教科文组织的成功吗？”
“坦率地讲我不会说的这样的话。我认为这很可惜他没有把握住机会成为是改革的先锋。另一方面，这是这毕竟是他的决定。”
“你建议美国重新加入联合国教科文组织，是什么使你这样做的？”
“我想一个好的总干事，能够看到在管理机构和计划两个方面都需要采取严肃的建设性的改革。我认为这是对影响到许多人要让另外一个人来看到这一点的（原因）。”
美国大使简杰拉德，前美国驻联合国教科文组织代表。在卢森堡接受采访
*原文有误已更改
Amadou-Mahtar M\'Bow 塞内加尔教育家，1974-1987出任联合国教科文组织总干事长
Section One: News in Brief
1. Two of the American hostages being held in Lebanon appeared in a videotape released today, appealing to the Reagan Administration to work as hard for their release as it did to get Nicholas Daniloff out of the Soviet Union. Hostage David Jacobsen: \'Don\'t we also deserve the recognition, the respect and the honorable treatment by the United States government? Don\'t we deserve the same attention and protection that you gave Daniloff Jacobsen, who works for the\' American University Hospital in Beirut, has been held for sixteen months. Also appearing on the videotape was the -Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson, the first time he\'s been seen since his capture eighteen months ago. Anderson and Jacobsen had said they were also speaking on behalf of hostage Thomas Sutherland. And they spoke of the death of William Buckley whom Islamic Jihad has claimed to have killed. Sutherland blamed, President Reagan for Buckley\'s murder. \'President Reagan made his first mistake in the hostage crisis and Buckley died. Mr. President, are you going to make another mistake at the cost of our lives?\' President Reagan today defended his efforts to gain the hostages\' release. Speaking to reporters as he left for Camp David, Mr. Reagan said there has never been a day that the administration has not been trying every channel. But he said there was no comparison between the case of Nicholas Daniloff and the hostages in Lebanon because he was held by a government and we don\'t know who\'s holding the hostages.\' Daniloff himself commented, on the hostages\' appeal, saying his heart goes out to them and they will not be forgotten.
2. The White House today gave its view of the upcoming meeting between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Iceland. And office made it clear that the US intends to pursue a much broader agenda than the Soviets are proposing. NPR\'s Jim Angle reports. “White House spokesman Larry Speakes emphasized today the US does not see the Iceland meeting as a discussion primarily about arms control. “That issue is important to both nations and the world,\' he said, \'and the US will be diligent in its efforts to seek common ground that could be the basis for progress in arms talks.\' Speakes emphasized, however, that the US agenda will be broader than that, even though Soviet statements about the meeting have focused largely on arms control. Speakes says the US will raise all the issues as it usually does, including regional conflicts and tensions in Afghanistan, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Speakes said that the US will also raise its concern over human rights issues. Speakes\' statement on the Iceland meeting today sought to keep expectation to its minimum. The President\'s goal, he said, is that both sides gain a better understanding of each other\'s position at this time and move forward toward a summit in the United States. But Speakes said that the US will be satisfied with the meeting if we accomplish better understanding. If no date is set for a summit in the US, he said, that could be done later. I\'m Jim Angle at the White House.
第一节 简明新闻
1.两名被扣押在黎巴嫩的美国人质出现在今天公布的一盘录像带中，呼吁美国里根政府像争取尼古拉丹尼洛夫从苏联手中获释那样的努力以争取他们被释放。人质大卫杰克布森说：‘我们是不是也应该值得被承认，受到美国政府的尊重和体面的待遇？我们是不是也应该得像你们给对丹尼洛夫那样的同样的重视和保护？’杰克布森在贝鲁特的美国大学医院工作，已经被关押16个月。同时在录像带中出现的是，美联社记者特里安德森，他是在18个月前被绑架以来第一次露面。安德森和杰克布森曾表示，他们的讲话还代表人质托马斯萨瑟兰。并且他们提到威廉巴克利的死讯，伊斯兰圣战组织声称打死了他。萨瑟兰指责说，是里根总统谋杀了巴克利。‘里根总统在人质危机中的第一个错误就导致了巴克利的死亡。总统先生，你打算犯下另一个错误而用我们的生命作代价吗？’里根总统今天表示将努力争取人质获释。这是他在离开戴维营时对记者说的，里根先生说，政府没有一天不是在尝试各种渠道的。但他说，尼克拉斯丹尼洛夫事件和黎巴嫩人质事件无法比较。“因为他是被政府扣押的，而我们不知道谁的在扣押人质。丹尼洛夫自己说的，代表人质的呼吁，说他的心和他们一起跳动，他们不会被遗忘。
2. 白宫今天表示了对与里根总统和苏联领导人戈尔巴乔夫在冰岛即将举行的会议的看法。办公室明确表示，美国打算追求一个比苏联提出的更广泛议程。美国公共广播电台的吉姆安吉尔的报道。“白宫发言人拉里斯皮克斯今天强调，美国并不认为，冰岛会晤不是一个主要讨论军控的会议。这个问题对两个国家和世界都是重要的，他说，美国将努力寻求共同点，可以作为推动军备会谈的基础。斯皮克斯强调，但是美国的议程比那些将更广泛，尽管苏联声明会议将最大限度地集中武器控制上。斯皮克斯说，美国将像通常那样提出的所有问题，包括，阿富汗，非洲，加勒比，中东和东南亚地区的地区冲突和紧张局势。斯皮克斯说，美国也将提高其对人权问题的关注。今天斯皮克斯有关冰岛会议的声明力图保住其最低期望值。总统的目标，他说，是双方在这个时候站在对方的立场上，有更好的了解并期望在美国举行首脑会议。但斯皮克斯说，美国将会对会议感到满意，如果我们做到更好的理解。如果在美国的首脑会议的日期没有确定，他说，这以后可以做到。我是吉姆安吉尔在白宫报道。
Section Two: News in Detail
From Beirut today, the tired voices of two American hostages, a crudely made videotape of journalist Terry Anderson and American University employee David Jacobsen was released this morning by their captor, the Islamic Jihad. The two men read from texts that seemed to have been written by the captors. They sounded bitter as they assailed what they called the Reagan Administration’s refusal to act secure their release. And Anderson confirmed the death of his fellow hostage, American diplomat, William Buckley. Islamic Jihad claims it murdered Buckley in October of last year, but no conclusive death has ever been found. From Beirut, the BBC\'s Jim, Muir reports.
On Dec.4th 1991, the 2,454th day of captivity, Terry Anderson was released in Lebanon.
“This was the first time since he was kidnapped by gunmen in March last year that Terry Anderson, the Beirut Bureau Chief of the Associate Press, has been seen on video. He looked fit but thinner paler than when he was abducted. He bitterly accused the Administration of ignoring the plight of the American host in Beirut while surrendering to the Russians over the Daniloff case.”
“‘How can any official justify the interest, and attention and action given that case and the inattention given ours? Do the American people know why we are in captivity? Why the marines and others were killed in bombings at Beirut airport and the Embassy buildings? Why they can\'t roam freely about the Middle East but are always in danger? All this is the result of Reagan\'s policy, a policy against the people of the Middle East. Our captivity is one part of the result of this policy. William Buckley\'s murder and the killings of many, many others are another part. Your lack of freedom to travel is another result of that policy. We are not surprised that Mr. Reagan is not paying attention to our case. More than four hundred Americans have been killed in Beirut without causing him to feel any responsibility or to change that policy. We are surprised that the American government has put pressure on some of the European governments not to negotiate in such cases as ours and has surrendered itself in the Daniloff case, releasing a Russian spy, Zakharov, who was working against our people. We are more surprised that the American people still listen to what Reagan says. How long must we staff captivity? How long will the American government not pay attention?\' The message was put across strongly by one of Mr. Anderson\'s fellow captives, Mr. David Jacobsen, Director of the American University Hospital in Beirut, who was kidnapped in May last year. He said that the conditions of the hostages were very bad and had worsened over the past two months. But he said the worst pain came from being ignored by his government. Islamic Jihad is demanding the release of a group of Moslem extremists jailed for bomb attacks in Kuwait. But both Washington and Kuwait itself have refused to negotiate over their release.”
From Beirut. the BBC’s Jim Muir.
第二节 详细新闻 美国人质抨击里根政府
在贝鲁特，今天两名美国人质疲惫的声音，今天上午出现在一盘粗制滥造的由伊斯兰圣战组织绑架者公布的录像带里，即记者特里安德森和美国大学雇员大卫雅各布森。两人照着文稿朗读，文稿似乎是绑架者写的。当他们攻击里根政府称政府拒绝采取行动争取他们安全获释时声音苦涩。安德森证实了他的难友，美国外交官，威廉巴克利的死亡。伊斯兰圣战组织在去年10月杀害了巴克利，但从来没有发现确凿的死亡依据。英国广播公司的吉姆缪尔来自贝鲁特的报道。
“这是特里安德森自从去年3月被武装分子绑架后第一次露面，他是美联社贝鲁特新闻社的副主任，出现在录像带上。他看上去比被绑架时还要健康但更瘦更苍白。他难过地指责政府忽视了在贝鲁特的美国人的困境而却为丹尼洛夫事件向俄国人屈服。”
“‘怎么任何官员的辩解说他们对那个事件那样的兴趣，关注和采取的行动却忽视了能给予我们的？美国人民知道我们为什么被关押吗？为什么海军陆战队员和其他人员会在贝鲁特机场和使馆馆舍的爆炸中丧生？他们为什么不能自由地在中东漫游，却始终处于危险当中？所有这一切都是因为里根的反中东人民的政策的结果。我们的被俘是这一政策结果的一部分。威廉巴克利被谋杀和许多许多人被杀害是另一部分原因。你们不能自由地旅行是这个政策另一个结果。我们对里根总统对我们的处境漠不关心并不感到惊讶。超过400名美国人在贝鲁特被杀害并没有使他感到任何有改变这个政策的责任。我们感到吃惊的是，美国政府已经对欧洲的一些政府施加压力，不得在遇到我们这样的，或丹尼洛夫那样的自首案，或释放的反对我们人民的俄罗斯间谍扎哈罗夫等，诸多（类似的）情况进行谈判。我们更惊讶的是美国人民仍然听信里根所说的。我们的人还要被关押多久？美国政府还要漠不关心多久？’该消息是由安德森的难友，大卫杰克布森强烈地提出来的，他是贝鲁特美国大学医院的主任，是去年5月被绑架的。他说，人质所处的条件非常差，过去两个月里开始恶化。但他说，最严重的痛苦是被他的政府所忽视。伊斯兰圣战组织要求释放一群因炸弹袭击，目前关押在科威特的穆斯林极端分子。但是，华盛顿和科威特自己已经拒绝就他们的获释而进行的谈判。”
BBC的吉姆穆芮，来自贝鲁特的报道
Section Three: Special Report
M’bow has been a controversial leader charged with mismanaging UNESCO while taking the agency in an anti-Western direction. The Reagan Administration cited those reasons when pulling the US out of UNESCO in 1984. Last year, the same charges were behind Britain and Singapore\'s decision to withdraw. Those three defections forced UNESCO to cut its budget by thirty percent and intensified the crisis around M’bow\'s leadership. Jean Gerard, now USA, ambassador to Luxembourg, is the former US delegate to UNESCO. Gerard recommended the US withdraw, because she felt UNESCO\'s programs were moving away from international cooperation toward confrontation.
“Take, for example, the New World Information Order, where in their documents they say that the press should be an instrument of the state. Now this, of course, is totally contrary to our concept of a free press. There are more and more programs which emphasize statist type of solutions to problems. In education, for example, in the teacher-training program in Afghanistan, it\'s run solely by Soviet teachers with a Soviet coordinator. So, in essence, we were paying for the indoctrination of the Afghan people, which again is not my idea of what an international organization ought to be doing. ”
“To what extent do you think M’bow is responsible for the directions that you disproved of in UNESCO? ”
“I think some of them, of course, were already there, but I think they have been very much accentuated under his tenure. And instead of taking the opportunity to reform the organization, to make it work more efficiently and in a more unbiased way, when we gave our notice of withdrawal. There was a great clamor that there was no crisis and initially very little need for reform aside from some cosmetic reform, and a general resentment of the idea.”
“Can you describe M’bow as a leader, what his personality was like, what his characteristics were as a leader?”
“I would say he’s certainly very dynamic. He has a great deal of charm, he has a very personal type of management style, and, I think, he tended to take criticism personally. When we had discussions with him about the budget, the Assistant Secretary of State and myself in 1983, since we pointed out that his figures were very different from the figures that we had under discussion, he then said that the United States, in essence, was behaving in a racist manner, that we had deep psychological problems.”
“Do you think his resignation is a sign that UNESCO wants the United States and England back? ”
“It\'s not, as I understand it, a resignation. It was a statement saying that he would not seek a third term. That does not preclude, of course, some countries from urging him to be the candidate, and the Executive Board nominates the candidate to the general conference. ”
“Do you know if there was any direct pressure on M’bow to not seek a third term?”
“I know quite a few countries in their governments have been saying that they do not favor his having a third term. That includes the Nordics, who went and informed him of that a few months ago. That includes Japan. And if you call that pressure, there certainly were several countries that indicated that they were not in favor of his having a third term.”
“Does M’bow \'s decision to not seek a third term represent a success for the US\'s decision to pull out of UNESCO? ”
“I wouldn\'t say it in those words frankly. I think it\'s a pity he didn\'t take the opportunity to be the champion of reform. On the other hand, that\'s his decision. ”
“What would it take for you to recommend to the United States that this country rejoin UNESCO? ”
“I think to have a good Director General, to see a serious constructive reform take place both in the management and in the programs. I think that\'s the kind of thing that would influence many people to take another look at it.”
From Luxembourg, Ambassador Jean Gerard, former US delegate to UNESCO.
第三节 特别报道 访问美国前联合国教科文组织代表简杰拉德----谈联合国教科文组织总干事长姆博*
当谈到教科文组织的反西方倾向时，姆博便成为颇有争议的，这个机构经营不善的领导人，该机构负责。里根政府以此理由，于1984年让美国退出教科文组织。去年，英国和新加坡以同样的指责决定退出。这三国的退出，迫使教科文组织的预算削减了百分之三十，并加剧了姆博周围的领导危机。简杰拉德，现在是美国驻卢森堡大使，前美国驻教科文组织代表。杰拉德曾建议美国撤出，因为她觉得教科文组织的计划正在从国际合作走向对抗。
“举个例子来说，在他们的文件里他们说道，新的世界信息秩序，就是新闻报道应该是国家的工具。就这一点来说，当然是完全违背我们的新闻自由的理念的。有越来越多的方案，强调以中央集权的方式来解决问题。在教育方面，例如，在阿富汗的教师培训计划，它完全由苏联教师和苏联协调员来独立运作。因此，在本质上，我们是为这种向阿富汗人民的灌输（行为）而付钱，这不是我意识当中一个国际组织应该做的。”
“你认为在你所反对的倾向方面，姆博应该负多大的责？”
“我认为其中一些是已经存在的，但我觉得这些在他的任期内变得十分突出。当我们递交了退出通知的时候，他们已经到了阻碍使这个组织更有效更无偏见地运作的改革地步了。曾经有一个大的叫嚣说，这里没有任何危机，基本上只需要做一些粉饰性的改革，但普遍有不满意见。”
“你能描述一下作为一个领导者，姆博的个性是什么样子的，他的领导性格是什么样的？”
“他当然是非常活跃的。他很有魅力，他有非常个性化的管理作风，而且我认为，他个人倾向于接受批评。当助理国务卿和我在1983年与他讨论有关预算问题时，当我们指出他的数字和我们正在讨论的有很大的不同时，他说，美国在本质上其行为就是种族主义者，而我们有严重的心理问题。“
“你认为他的辞职是教科文组织希望美国和英国回来的信号吗？”
“据我了解那不是一个辞职。这是个表示他不会寻求第三个任期的声明。当然这并不排除一些要求他成为候选人，并且执行局会在一般性会议上会提名候选人。”
“你知道姆博是否受到某些直接压力而不寻求第三个任期？”
“我知道相当少的国家政府已经表示过不希望他有第三个任期。这包括北欧，他们希望并在几个月前就告诉他了。包括日本。如果说压力的话，肯定有几个国家表明他们不主张他有第三个任期。”
“难道姆博决定不寻求第三个任期来表示美国退出教科文组织的成功吗？”
“坦率地讲我不会说的这样的话。我认为这很可惜他没有把握住机会成为是改革的先锋。另一方面，这是这毕竟是他的决定。”
“你建议美国重新加入联合国教科文组织，是什么使你这样做的？”
“我想一个好的总干事，能够看到在管理机构和计划两个方面都需要采取严肃的建设性的改革。我认为这是对影响到许多人要让另外一个人来看到这一点的（原因）。”
美国大使简杰拉德，前美国驻联合国教科文组织代表。在卢森堡接受采访
*原文有误已更改
Amadou-Mahtar M\'Bow 塞内加尔教育家，1974-1987出任联合国教科文组织总干事长
评论
目前还没有任何评论
登录后才可评论.
