TN 与绿卡申请
文章来源: pjiang2010-04-09 10:02:46


TN 与绿卡申请
- pjiang -


TN 是在 NAFTA 下专为加拿大和墨西哥特设的非移民工作签证,其优点是不占 H-1B 的配额,也没有六年之限。由于不需要移民局的批准,其灵活性大大增强。TN 的配偶、子女的签证是 TD.
TN 在入境时申请,手持雇主信即可。CBP 可以一批三年,无须事先签证。
如果是在境内由其它身份转为 TN,或更换雇主,或延期,则需要 I-129 报移民局批准。

和其它的非移民签证一样,TN/TD 可以在美国境内申请绿卡。所谓 TN/TD 必须要先转为 H-1B/H-4 才能开始绿卡的申请,不知是始于何处的谣传

本来和 F-1/F-2 一样,TN/TD 是单纯的非移民工作签证,但是 CBP 的一纸 memo,坐实了给 TN/TD 在申请美国绿卡过程中增添了不少方便之处。

在解读"移民倾向"一文,老师介绍了一旦开始移民申请之后就具有了移民倾向。这些移民申请包括 I-130、I-140、I-485,以及领馆的移民签证申请。由于 TN/TD 和其它非移民签证一样的等同性,当 TN 的申请人是移民申请 (I-130/I-140) 的受益者,其就具有了“移民倾向”。
但是,USCIS 在 1996 年技巧性地解释了 TN 不能简单地由于 I-140 的申请/批准自动被据。USCBP 在 2008 年,认为 I-140 的申请/批准并不自动地构成移民倾向。

移民局的一个头头 (Yvonne M. LaFleur, Chief, INS Business & Trade Services Branch) 在给一位律师的回信中,是这样说的:
    "The fact that an alien is the beneficiary of an approved I-140 petition may not be, in and of itself, a reason to deny an application for admission, readmission, or extension of stay [under TN status] if the alien’s intent is to remain in the United States temporarily. Nevertheless, because the Service must evaluate each application on a case-by-case basis with regard to the alien’s intent, this factor may be taken into consideration along with other relevant factors every time that a TN nonimmigrant applies for admission, readmission or a new extension of stay. Therefore, while it is our opinion that a TN nonimmigrant may apply for readmission in the TN classification, if the inspecting officer determines that the individual has abandoned his or her temporary intent, that individual’s application for admission as a TN nonimmigrant may be refused."
    - AILA InfoNet, “I-140 Filing Not Dispositive for TN” (June 18, 1996)

随后,AILA 通报了这一动向。
    "After considerable discussion between the Nebraska Service Center and AILA's NSC Liaison Committee, the NSC now indicates that the filing of an immigrant petition is simply one factor to consider in the adjudication of a TN extension, and should not automatically result in a denial. The NSC, which has exclusive jurisdiction over TN applications made on Form I-129, had previously indicated that NSC adjudicators were being told to deny TN applications if an I-140 immigrant petition has been filed on the individual's behalf. The basis of the denial had been that the individual no longer has nonimmigrant intent."
    - AILA InfoNet, “NSC Backs Off I-140/TN Policy Change” (Nov. 14, 2002)
后来,老师记不得在哪里看到过 CBP 的解释说,在提交 I-140 之后,TN 可以在领馆申请移民签证,所以可以认为在美国只是暂时停留而没有移民倾向。不禁哑然。
在 I-140 的表格上,难道所有 TN 选的都是 CP 而不是 AOS?不可能的事。

Anyway, 从这里也可以看出,提交 I-140 或者 I-140 的批准,不会影响你的 TN. 但是,一旦 I-485 牵扯进来,TN 就不能再继续了。此时工作,要么是 H-1B 要么是 EAD.
所以,TN/TD 虽然没被认可“Dual Intent”,但是比其它的非移民签证,多了很大的灵活性,在提交 I-485 或申请移民签证之前。
I-130/I-140 的提交或批准,不影响 TN/TD 的申请以及延期

关于 TN 在 I-140 之后保持非移民倾向,坛子上的网友“映山红五号”早在 9/12/07 就向老师提及了,请参见附录 2.



附 录
[1] TN Applying
[2] Relavent paper (Thanks to 映山红五号)




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